Models for gaze tracking systems
Journal on Image and Video Processing
User-calibration-free remote gaze estimation system
Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications
Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications
A novel approach to 3-D gaze tracking using stereo cameras
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
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Stereo-camera Remote Eye-Gaze Tracking (REGT) systems can provide calibration-free estimation of gaze. However, such systems have a limited tracking range due to the requirement for the eye to be tracked in both cameras. This paper presents a general framework for extension of a tracking range of stereo-camera user-calibration-free REGT systems. The proposed method consists of two distinct phases. In the brief initial phase, estimates of eye-features [the center of the pupil and corneal reflections] in pairs of stereo-images are used to estimate automatically a set of subject-specific eye parameters. In the second phase, these subject-specific eye parameters are used with estimates of eye-features in images from any one of the systems' cameras to compute the Point-of-Gaze (PoG). Experiments were conducted with a system that includes two cameras in a horizontal plane. The experimental results demonstrate that the tracking range for horizontal gaze directions can be extended by more than 50%: from ±23.2° when the two cameras are used as a stereo pair to ±35.5° when the two cameras are used independently to estimate the PoG. By adding more cameras to the system, the proposed framework allows further extension of the tracking range in both horizontal and vertical direction, while preserving a user-calibration-free status of a REGT system.