Pictorial and Verbal Tools for Conveying Routes
COSIT '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science
The Production of Route Instructions in Underground and Urban Environments
COSIT '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science
Elements of Good Route Directions in Familiar and Unfamiliar Environments
COSIT '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science
Grid Patterns and Cultural Expectations in Urban Wayfinding
COSIT 2001 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of Geographic Information Science
Is there a Relationship Between Spatial Cognition and Environmental Patterns?
Proceedings of the International Conference GIS - From Space to Territory: Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning on Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space
Study of cultural impacts on location judgments in eastern China
COSIT'07 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Spatial information theory
Landmark-based location belief tracking in a spoken dialog system
SIGDIAL '12 Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
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This paper examined spatial descriptions for guiding Japanese and American tourists from cross-cultural and geographic perspectives, based on a content analysis of 24 guidebooks to four cities in Japan and USA. Quantitative analysis of pictorial and linguistic information in guidebooks revealed that Japanese guidebooks use predominately pictorial information, whereas American guidebooks mainly depend on the linguistic one. In addition, we found a complementary relationship between the two modes of information. The contents of linguistic information were entirely influenced by socio-cultural factors rather than environmental conditions such as the street pattern regularity. In particular, difference in address systems between two countries affected the way of sorting the sites, style of maps, and the use frequency of linguistic information.