How to tell people where to go: comparing navigational aids
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
COSIT '97 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: A Theoretical Basis for GIS
Grid Patterns and Cultural Expectations in Urban Wayfinding
COSIT 2001 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of Geographic Information Science
When and Why Are Visual Landmarks Used in Giving Directions?
COSIT 2001 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of Geographic Information Science
Enriching Wayfinding Instructions with Local Landmarks
GIScience '02 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Geographic Information Science
Learning with Virtual Verbal Displays: Effects of Interface Fidelity on Cognitive Map Development
Proceedings of the international conference on Spatial Cognition VI: Learning, Reasoning, and Talking about Space
Simplest Instructions: Finding Easy-to-Describe Routes for Navigation
GIScience '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Geographic Information Science
Multi-cultural Aspects of Spatial Knowledge
GeoS '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on GeoSpatial Semantics
Easiest-to-reach neighbor search
Proceedings of the 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems
Influence of geometry and objects on local route choices during wayfinding
SC'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Spatial cognition
Testing landmark identification theories in virtual environments
SC'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Spatial cognition
Men to the east and women to the right: wayfinding with verbal route instruction
SC'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Spatial cognition
Generating adaptive route instructions using hierarchical reinforcement learning
SC'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Spatial cognition
GIScience'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Geographic information science
Comparing spoken language route instructions for robots across environment representations
SIGDIAL '10 Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
Spatially-aware dialogue control using hierarchical reinforcement learning
ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing (TSLP)
Information on the consequence of a move and its use for route improvisation support
COSIT'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Spatial information theory
Evaluating and minimizing ambiguities in qualitative route instructions
Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems
The territory is the map: exploring the use of landmarks in situ to inform mobile guide design
INTERACT'05 Proceedings of the 2005 IFIP TC13 international conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Structural salience of landmarks for route directions
COSIT'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Spatial Information Theory
Towards location-aware mobile eye tracking
Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
A model for context-specific route directions
SC'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Spatial Cognition: reasoning, Action, Interaction
Cultural differences of spatial descriptions in tourist guidebooks
SC'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Spatial Cognition: reasoning, Action, Interaction
Refined route instructions using topological stages of closeness
W2GIS'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems
Generation of landmark-based navigation instructions from open-source data
EACL '12 Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Generating route instructions with varying levels of detail
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
The structure and generality of spoken route instructions
SIGDIAL '12 Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
Relevance in spatial navigation and communication
SC'12 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Spatial Cognition VIII
Linking cognitive and computational saliences in route information
SC'12 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Spatial Cognition VIII
Model for landmark highlighting in mobile web services
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia
Interactive cartographic route descriptions
Geoinformatica
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Route directions are instructions, primarily verbal, that explain how to get from one place to another. The current study examines several methods for assessing the quality of verbal route directions by characterizing them in terms of the number of elements (such as landmarks, segments or turns) and by subjective ratings of their goodness. Route directions for routes which were both familiar and unfamiliar to the participant were studied. Subjective ratings of the quality of route directions were reliable and consistent across individuals. More complete route directions were rated as being of higher quality. For all routes, inclusion of more segment and turn mentions were correlated with higher quality route directions. Good route descriptions for familiar versus unfamiliar routes differed in terms of the types of landmarks included.