Elements of Good Route Directions in Familiar and Unfamiliar Environments
COSIT '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science
When and Why Are Visual Landmarks Used in Giving Directions?
COSIT 2001 Proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Information Theory: Foundations of Geographic Information Science
Utilizing Spatial Relations for Natural Language Access to an Autonomous Mobile Agent
KI '94 Proceedings of the 18th Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Enriching Wayfinding Instructions with Local Landmarks
GIScience '02 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Geographic Information Science
Following natural language route instructions
Following natural language route instructions
Tiered Models of Spatial Language Interpretation
Proceedings of the international conference on Spatial Cognition VI: Learning, Reasoning, and Talking about Space
Walk the talk: connecting language, knowledge, and action in route instructions
AAAI'06 proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Exploring miscommunication and collaborative behaviour in human-robot interaction
SIGDIAL '09 Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference: The 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
Toward understanding natural language directions
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
Spatial knowledge representation for human-robot interaction
Spatial cognition III
Structural salience of landmarks for route directions
COSIT'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Spatial Information Theory
The structure and generality of spoken route instructions
SIGDIAL '12 Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
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Spoken language interaction between humans and robots in natural environments will necessarily involve communication about space and distance. The current study examines people's close-range route instructions for robots and how the presentation format (schematic, virtual or natural) and the complexity of the route affect the content of instructions. We find that people have a general preference for providing metric-based instructions. At the same time, presentation format appears to have less impact on the formulation of these instructions. We conclude that understanding of spatial language requires handling both landmark-based and metric-based expressions.