The art of computer programming, volume 2 (3rd ed.): seminumerical algorithms
The art of computer programming, volume 2 (3rd ed.): seminumerical algorithms
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Communications of the ACM
CRYPTO '99 Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
CORSAIR: A SMART Card for Public Key Cryptosystems
CRYPTO '90 Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
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Smart card technologies have had a huge impact on the development of cryptographic techniques for commercial applications. The first cryptographic smart card was introduced in 1979. It implemented the Telepass 1 one-way function using 200 bytes! Next came smart cards with secret-key and public-key capabilities, respectively in 1985 and 1988. Implementing an RSA computation on a smart card was (and still is) a very challenging task. Numerous tips and tricks were used in the design of the resulting smart-card chip P83C852 from Philips using the CORSAIR crypto-coprocessor [1,12]. Among them was a new algorithm for the modular multiplication of two integers, the Quisquater's multiplication algorithm [10,11]. This algorithm is also present in the subsequent crypto-coprocessors, namely the FAME crypto-coprocessor [4] and its various extensions.