Managing energy and server resources in hosting centers
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Failure trends in a large disk drive population
FAST '07 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
PowerNap: eliminating server idle power
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Somniloquy: augmenting network interfaces to reduce PC energy usage
NSDI'09 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX symposium on Networked systems design and implementation
FAWN: a fast array of wimpy nodes
Proceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 22nd symposium on Operating systems principles
On the energy (in)efficiency of Hadoop clusters
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Robust and flexible power-proportional storage
Proceedings of the 1st ACM symposium on Cloud computing
KnightShift: Scaling the Energy Proportionality Wall through Server-Level Heterogeneity
MICRO-45 Proceedings of the 2012 45th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
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Power-efficient operation is a desirable property, particularly for large clusters housed in datacenters. Recent work has advocated turning off entire nodes to achieve power-proportionality, but this leads to problems with availability and fault tolerance because of the resulting limits imposed on the replication strategies used by the distributed file systems (DFS) employed in these environments, with counter-measures adding substantial complexity to DFS designs. To achieve power-efficiency for a cluster without impacting data availability and recovery from failures and maintain simplicity in DFS design, our solution exploits cluster nodes that have the ability to operate in at least two extreme system level power states, characterized by minimum vs. maximum power consumption and performance. The paper describes a cluster built with power-efficient node prototypes and presents experimental evaluations to demonstrate power-efficiency.