Wearable mobile augmented reality: evaluating outdoor user experience
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and Its Applications in Industry
Color correction for optical see-through displays using display color profiles
Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
Exploring head-up augmented reality interfaces for crash warning systems
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
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It is well-documented that natural lighting conditions and real-world backgrounds affect the usability of optical see-through augmented reality (AR) displays in outdoor environments. In many cases, outdoor environmental conditions can dramatically alter users' color perception of user interface elements, by for example, washing out text or icon colors. As a result, users' semantic interpretation of interface elements can be compromised, rendering interface designs useless or counter-productive - an especially critical problem in application domains where color encoding is critical, such as military or medical visualization. In this paper, we present our experiences designing and constructing an optical AR testbed that emulates outdoor lighting conditions and allows us to measure the combined color of real-world backgrounds and virtual colors as projected through an optical see-through display. We present a formalization of color blending in AR, which supports further research on perceived color in AR displays. We describe an engineering study where we measure the color of light that reaches an optical see-through display user's eye under systematically varied virtual and real-world conditions. Our results further quantify the effect of lighting and background color on the color of virtual graphics, and specifically quantify how virtual colors change based on different real-world backgrounds.