Improving a human-computer dialogue
Communications of the ACM
Testing a walkthrough methodology for theory-based design of walk-up-and-use interfaces
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
User interface evaluation in the real world: a comparison of four techniques
CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Enhancing the explanatory power of usability heuristics
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Usability Engineering
Human-Computer Interaction (3rd Edition)
Human-Computer Interaction (3rd Edition)
Damaged merchandise? a review of experiments that compare usability evaluation methods
Human-Computer Interaction
Web usability and evaluation: issues and concerns
UI-HCII'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Usability and internationalization
Evaluating usability evaluation methods: criteria, method and a case study
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: interaction design and usability
Dogmas in the assessment of usability evaluation methods
Behaviour & Information Technology
Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction
Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction
Interaction Design: Beyond Human - Computer Interaction
Interaction Design: Beyond Human - Computer Interaction
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Expert evaluation methods, such as heuristic evaluation, are still popular in spite of numerous criticisms of their effectiveness. This paper investigates the usability problems found in the evaluation of six highly interactive websites by 30 users in a task-based evaluation and 14 experts using three different expert evaluation methods. A grounded theory approach was taken to categorize 935 usability problems from the evaluation. Four major categories emerged: Physical presentation, Content, Information Architecture and Interactivity. Each major category had between 5 and 16 sub-categories. The categories and sub-categories were then analysed for whether they were found by users only, experts only or both users and experts. This allowed us to develop an evidence-based set of 21 heuristics to assist in the development and evaluation of interactive websites.