Telling humans and computers apart automatically
Communications of the ACM - Information cities
Designing human friendly human interaction proofs (HIPs)
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Universal Usability: Designing Computer Interfaces for Diverse User Populations
Universal Usability: Designing Computer Interfaces for Diverse User Populations
Developing usable CAPTCHAs for blind users
Proceedings of the 9th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
A low-cost attack on a Microsoft captcha
Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Evaluating existing audio CAPTCHAs and an interface optimized for non-visual use
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Towards A Universally Usable Human Interaction Proof: Evaluation of Task Completion Strategies
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction
Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction
Accessible privacy and security: a universally usable human-interaction proof tool
Universal Access in the Information Society - Special Issue: Designing Inclusive Futures
Recognizing objects in adversarial clutter: breaking a visual captcha
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Understanding the computer skills of adult expert users with down syndrome: an exploratory study
The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
SeeSay and HearSay CAPTCHA for mobile interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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In this paper we describe the development of a new audio CAPTCHA called the SoundsRight CAPTCHA, and the evaluation of the CAPTCHA with 20 blind users. Blind users cannot use visual CAPTCHAs, and it has been documented in the research literature that the existing audio CAPTCHAs have task success rates below 50% for blind users. The SoundsRight audio CAPTCHA presents a real-time audio-based challenge in which the user is asked to identify a specific sound (for example the sound of a bell or a piano) each time it occurs in a series of 10 sounds that are played through the computer's audio system. Evaluation results from three rounds of usability testing document that the task success rate was higher than 90% for blind users. Discussion, limitations, and suggestions for future research are also presented.