Communications of the ACM
Teaching speech to the deaf: can a computer help
ACM '72 Proceedings of the ACM annual conference - Volume 1
Telling humans and computers apart automatically
Communications of the ACM - Information cities
Multimodal programming for dyslexic students
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Access by Design: A Guide to Universal Usability for Web Designers
Access by Design: A Guide to Universal Usability for Web Designers
Designing human friendly human interaction proofs (HIPs)
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Developing usable CAPTCHAs for blind users
Proceedings of the 9th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Interface design and engagement with older people
Behaviour & Information Technology - Designing Computer Systems for and with Older Users
Usability of CAPTCHAs or usability issues in CAPTCHA design
Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Usable privacy and security
A low-cost attack on a Microsoft captcha
Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Evaluating existing audio CAPTCHAs and an interface optimized for non-visual use
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Exploiting web search to generate synonyms for entities
Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web
CAPTCHA: using hard AI problems for security
EUROCRYPT'03 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Theory and applications of cryptographic techniques
Recognizing objects in adversarial clutter: breaking a visual captcha
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
The SoundsRight CAPTCHA: an improved approach to audio human interaction proofs for blind users
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Use of social media by people with visual impairments: usage levels, attitudes and barriers
ICCHP'12 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs - Volume Part I
SeeSay and HearSay CAPTCHA for mobile interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
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The need for security features to stop spam and bots has prompted research aimed at developing human interaction proofs (HIPs) that are both secure and easy to use. The primarily visual techniques used in these HIP tools present difficulties for users with visual impairments. This article reports on the development of Human-Interaction Proof, Universally Usable (HIPUU), a new approach to human-interaction proofs based on identification of a series of sound/image pairs. Simultaneous presentation of a single, unified task in two alternative modalities provides multiple paths to successful task completion. We present two alternative task completion strategies, based on differing input strategies (menu-based vs. free text entry). Empirical results from studies involving both blind and sighted users validate both the usability and accessibility of these differing strategies, with blind users achieving successful task completion rates above 90%. The strengths of the alternate task completion strategies are discussed, along with possible approaches for improving the robustness of HIPUU.