Tutorial: Using Color Effectively in Computer Graphics
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Telling humans and computers apart automatically
Communications of the ACM - Information cities
Designing human friendly human interaction proofs (HIPs)
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
IMAGINATION: a robust image-based CAPTCHA generation system
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Asirra: a CAPTCHA that exploits interest-aligned manual image categorization
Proceedings of the 14th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
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Recognizing objects in adversarial clutter: breaking a visual captcha
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HIP'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Human Interactive Proofs
A highly legible CAPTCHA that resists segmentation attacks
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CAPTCHA generation as a web service
HIP'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Human Interactive Proofs
A low-cost attack on a Microsoft captcha
Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
What's up CAPTCHA?: a CAPTCHA based on image orientation
Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web
Usability meets access control: challenges and research opportunities
Proceedings of the 14th ACM symposium on Access control models and technologies
Balancing usability and security in a video CAPTCHA
Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
CAPTCHA-based image labeling on the Soylent Grid
Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD Workshop on Human Computation
Accessibility of Registration Mechanisms in Social Networking Sites
OCSC '09 Proceedings of the 3d International Conference on Online Communities and Social Computing: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
Enhancing research into usable privacy and security
Proceedings of the 27th ACM international conference on Design of communication
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Security and artificial intelligence
The robustness of a new CAPTCHA
Proceedings of the Third European Workshop on System Security
Scene tagging: image-based CAPTCHA using image composition and object relationships
ASIACCS '10 Proceedings of the 5th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security
Towards A Universally Usable Human Interaction Proof: Evaluation of Task Completion Strategies
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
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WebApps'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on Web application development
Attacks and design of image recognition CAPTCHAs
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Attacking image recognition CAPTCHAS: a naive but effective approach
TrustBus'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Trust, privacy and security in digital business
Proceedings of the 26th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
Re: CAPTCHAs: understanding CAPTCHA-solving services in an economic context
USENIX Security'10 Proceedings of the 19th USENIX conference on Security
DevilTyper: a game for CAPTCHA usability evaluation
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
On the necessity of user-friendly CAPTCHA
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Mitigating denial of service attack using CAPTCHA mechanism
Proceedings of the International Conference & Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology
Stimulation of activity in online communities
Proceedings of the 29th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics
SEMAGE: a new image-based two-factor CAPTCHA
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Teaching captcha in a PHP programming course
Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
CMS'10 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 6/TC 11 international conference on Communications and Multimedia Security
kaPoW plugins: protecting web applications using reputation-based proof-of-work
Proceedings of the 2nd Joint WICOW/AIRWeb Workshop on Web Quality
AniCAP: an animated 3d CAPTCHA scheme based on motion parallax
CANS'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Cryptology and Network Security
Enhanced STE3D-CAP: a novel 3d CAPTCHA family
ISPEC'12 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Information Security Practice and Experience
Breaking an animated CAPTCHA scheme
ACNS'12 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security
Security and usability challenges of moving-object CAPTCHAs: decoding codewords in motion
Security'12 Proceedings of the 21st USENIX conference on Security symposium
Breaking a 3d-based CAPTCHA scheme
ICISC'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Information Security and Cryptology
Breaking reCAPTCHAs with unpredictable collapse: heuristic character segmentation and recognition
MCPR'12 Proceedings of the 4th Mexican conference on Pattern Recognition
A survey and analysis of current CAPTCHA approaches
Journal of Web Engineering
An empirical study on efficiency and effectiveness of localized vs. Latin-based CAPTCHA challenges
Proceedings of the 17th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics
The robustness of hollow CAPTCHAs
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer & communications security
DeepCAPTCHA: an image CAPTCHA based on depth perception
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FaceDCAPTCHA: Face detection based color image CAPTCHA
Future Generation Computer Systems
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CAPTCHA is now almost a standard security technology, and has found widespread application in commercial websites. Usability and robustness are two fundamental issues with CAPTCHA, and they often interconnect with each other. This paper discusses usability issues that should be considered and addressed in the design of CAPTCHAs. Some of these issues are intuitive, but some others have subtle implications for robustness (or security). A simple but novel framework for examining CAPTCHA usability is also proposed.