ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Best Practices for Convolutional Neural Networks Applied to Visual Document Analysis
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
Telling humans and computers apart automatically
Communications of the ACM - Information cities
Designing human friendly human interaction proofs (HIPs)
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Asirra: a CAPTCHA that exploits interest-aligned manual image categorization
Proceedings of the 14th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Usability of CAPTCHAs or usability issues in CAPTCHA design
Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Usable privacy and security
Machine learning attacks against the Asirra CAPTCHA
Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
A low-cost attack on a Microsoft captcha
Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Balancing usability and security in a video CAPTCHA
Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision
IJCAI'81 Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
A CAPTCHA Implementation Based on 3D Animation
MINES '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and Security - Volume 02
CAPTCHA: using hard AI problems for security
EUROCRYPT'03 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Theory and applications of cryptographic techniques
CAPTCHA smuggling: hijacking web browsing sessions to create CAPTCHA farms
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction
Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction
How Good Are Humans at Solving CAPTCHAs? A Large Scale Evaluation
SP '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Decaptcha: breaking 75% of eBay audio CAPTCHAs
WOOT'09 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX conference on Offensive technologies
Attacks and design of image recognition CAPTCHAs
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Vlfeat: an open and portable library of computer vision algorithms
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia
A CAPTCHA Implementation Based on Moving Objects Recognition Problem
ICEE '10 Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government
Re: CAPTCHAs: understanding CAPTCHA-solving services in an economic context
USENIX Security'10 Proceedings of the 19th USENIX conference on Security
Recognizing objects in adversarial clutter: breaking a visual captcha
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Articulated motion segmentation using RANSAC with priors
WDV'05/WDV'06/ICCV'05/ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 2005/2006 international conference on Dynamical vision
The Failure of Noise-Based Non-continuous Audio Captchas
SP '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Text-based CAPTCHA strengths and weaknesses
Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Building segmentation based human-friendly human interaction proofs (HIPs)
HIP'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Human Interactive Proofs
Video-passwords: advertising while authenticating
Proceedings of the 2012 workshop on New security paradigms
The robustness of hollow CAPTCHAs
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer & communications security
A novel gesture-based CAPTCHA design for smart devices
BCS-HCI '13 Proceedings of the 27th International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference
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We explore the robustness and usability of moving-image object recognition (video) captchas, designing and implementing automated attacks based on computer vision techniques. Our approach is suitable for broad classes of moving-image captchas involving rigid objects. We first present an attack that defeats instances of such a captcha (NuCaptcha) representing the state-of-the-art, involving dynamic text strings called codewords. We then consider design modifications to mitigate the attacks (e.g., overlapping characters more closely). We implement the modified captchas and test if designs modified for greater robustness maintain usability. Our lab-based studies show that the modified captchas fail to offer viable usability, even when the captcha strength is reduced below acceptable targets--signaling that the modified designs are not viable. We also implement and test another variant of moving text strings using the known emerging images idea. This variant is resilient to our attacks and also offers similar usability to commercially available approaches. We explain why fundamental elements of the emerging images concept resist our current attack where others fails.