Graphical Templates for Model Registration
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Algorithms on strings, trees, and sequences: computer science and computational biology
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Using Spin Images for Efficient Object Recognition in Cluttered 3D Scenes
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On-Line and Off-Line Handwriting Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The Role of Holistic Paradigms in Handwritten Word Recognition
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Shape Matching and Object Recognition Using Shape Contexts
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IMAGINATION: a robust image-based CAPTCHA generation system
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ScatterType: A Legible but Hard-to-Segment CAPTCHA
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Image and Vision Computing
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Assocaptcha: designing human-friendly secure captchas using word associations
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
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CEA'09 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS international conference on Computer engineering and applications
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AAAI'07 Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
WebSOS: an overlay-based system for protecting web servers from denial of service attacks
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Exploiting the human-machine gap in image recognition for designing CAPTCHAs
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An automated reverse turing test using facial expressions
HSI'09 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Human System Interactions
HoneySpam 2.0: Profiling Web Spambot Behaviour
PRIMA '09 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Principles of Practice in Multi-Agent Systems
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Sketcha: a captcha based on line drawings of 3D models
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An efficient segmentation algorithm for CAPTCHAs with line cluttering and character warping
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CAPTCHA smuggling: hijacking web browsing sessions to create CAPTCHA farms
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ICC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications
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ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
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ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part I
Abusing social networks for automated user profiling
RAID'10 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Recent advances in intrusion detection
Attacking image recognition CAPTCHAS: a naive but effective approach
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AniCAP: an animated 3d CAPTCHA scheme based on motion parallax
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FaceDCAPTCHA: Face detection based color image CAPTCHA
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In this paper we explore object recognition in clutter. We test our object recognition techniques on Gimpy and EZ-Gimpy, examples of visual CAPTCHAs. A CAPTCHA ("Completely Automated Public Turing test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart") is a program that can generate and grade tests that most humans can pass, yet current computer programs can't pass. EZ-Gimpy (see Fig. 1, 5), currently used by Yahoo, and Gimpy (Fig. 2, 9) are CAPTCHAs based on word recognition in the presence of clutter. These CAPTCHAs provide excellent test sets since the clutter they contain is adversarial; it is designed to confuse computer programs. We have developed efficient methods based on shape context matching that can identify the word in an EZGimpy image with a success rate of 92%, and the requisite 3 words in a Gimpy image 33% of the time. The problem of identifying words in such severe clutter provides valuable insight into the more general problem of object recognition in scenes. The methods that we present are instances of a framework designed to tackle this general problem.