A system for adaptive disk rearrangement
Software—Practice & Experience
The design and implementation of a log-structured file system
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
The HP AutoRAID hierarchical storage system
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS) - Special issue on operating system principles
Inside the Windows 95 file system
Inside the Windows 95 file system
Improving the performance of log-structured file systems with adaptive methods
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Using data clustering to improve cleaning performance for plash memory
Software—Practice & Experience
A Novel Reordering Write Buffer to Improve Write Performance of Log-Structured File Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computers
HyLog: A High Performance Approach to Managing Disk Layout
FAST '04 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Design of flash-based DBMS: an in-page logging approach
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
File system design for an NFS file server appliance
WTEC'94 Proceedings of the USENIX Winter 1994 Technical Conference on USENIX Winter 1994 Technical Conference
An implementation of a log-structured file system for UNIX
USENIX'93 Proceedings of the USENIX Winter 1993 Conference Proceedings on USENIX Winter 1993 Conference Proceedings
A flash-memory based file system
TCON'95 Proceedings of the USENIX 1995 Technical Conference Proceedings
File system logging versus clustering: a performance comparison
TCON'95 Proceedings of the USENIX 1995 Technical Conference Proceedings
Heuristic cleaning algorithms in log-structured file systems
TCON'95 Proceedings of the USENIX 1995 Technical Conference Proceedings
A comparison of file system workloads
ATEC '00 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
A log buffer-based flash translation layer using fully-associative sector translation
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Design tradeoffs for SSD performance
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
LAST: locality-aware sector translation for NAND flash memory-based storage systems
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
BORG: block-reORGanization for self-optimizing storage systems
FAST '09 Proccedings of the 7th conference on File and storage technologies
Proceedings of the eleventh international joint conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Evaluating and repairing write performance on flash devices
Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Data Management on New Hardware
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data
Rethinking Flash in the Data Center
IEEE Micro
High performance solid state storage under Linux
MSST '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE 26th Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST)
Parameter-Aware I/O Management for Solid State Disks (SSDs)
IEEE Transactions on Computers
A space-efficient flash translation layer for CompactFlash systems
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
Characteristics of backup workloads in production systems
FAST'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
Improving Bandwidth Efficiency for Consistent Multistream Storage
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
High performance & low latency in solid-state drives through redundancy
Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Interactions of NVM/FLASH with Operating Systems and Workloads
I/O stack optimization for smartphones
USENIX ATC'13 Proceedings of the 2013 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
SDF: software-defined flash for web-scale internet storage systems
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Modeling the aging process of flash storage by leveraging semantic I/O
Future Generation Computer Systems
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Over the last decade we have witnessed the relentless technological improvement in flash-based solid-state drives (SSDs) and they have many advantages over hard disk drives (HDDs) as a secondary storage such as performance and power consumption. However, the random write performance in SSDs still remains as a concern. Even in modern SSDs, the disparity between random and sequential write bandwidth is more than tenfold. Moreover, random writes can shorten the limited lifespan of SSDs because they incur more NAND block erases per write. In order to overcome these problems due to random writes, in this paper, we propose a new file system for SSDs, SFS. First, SFS exploits the maximum write bandwidth of SSD by taking a log-structured approach. SFS transforms all random writes at file system level to sequential ones at SSD level. Second, SFS takes a new data grouping strategy on writing, instead of the existing data separation strategy on segment cleaning. It puts the data blocks with similar update likelihood into the same segment. This minimizes the inevitable segment cleaning overhead in any log-structured file system by allowing the segments to form a sharp bimodal distribution of segment utilization. We have implemented a prototype SFS by modifying Linux-based NILFS2 and compared it with three state-of-the-art file systems using several realistic workloads. SFS outperforms the traditional LFS by up to 2.5 times in terms of throughput. Additionally, in comparison to modern file systems such as ext4 and btrfs, it drastically reduces the block erase count inside the SSD by up to 7.5 times.