Write off-loading: practical power management for enterprise storage
FAST'08 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Design tradeoffs for SSD performance
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
Proceedings of the eleventh international joint conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Write endurance in flash drives: measurements and analysis
FAST'10 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
Block management in solid-state devices
USENIX'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on USENIX Annual technical conference
HPCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 17th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture
The bleak future of NAND flash memory
FAST'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
SFS: random write considered harmful in solid state drives
FAST'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
FIOS: a fair, efficient flash I/O scheduler
FAST'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
Rethinking erasure codes for cloud file systems: minimizing I/O for recovery and degraded reads
FAST'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
Analytic modeling of SSD write performance
Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Systems and Storage Conference
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Solid-state drives are becoming increasingly popular in enterprise storage systems, playing the role of large caches and permanent storage. Although SSDs provide faster random access than hard-drives, their performance under read/write workloads is highly variable often exceeding that of hard-drives (e.g., taking 100ms for a single read). Many systems with mixed workloads have low latency requirements, or require predictable performance and guarantees. In such cases, the performance variance of SSDs becomes a problem for both predictability and raw performance. In this paper, we propose a design based on redundancy, which provides high performance and low latency for reads under read/write workloads by physically separating reads from writes. More specifically, reads achieve read-only performance while writes perform at least as good as before. We evaluate our design using micro-benchmarks and real traces, illustrating the performance benefits of read/write separation in solid-state drives.