DE-based reversible data hiding with improved overflow location map
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A Reversible Watermarking Scheme for 3D Meshes
AMT '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Active Media Technology
Semi-reversible quantization based data hiding using missing samples recovery technique
ICT'09 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Telecommunications
Reversible fragile watermarking for 2-D vector map authentication with localization
Computer-Aided Design
A Markov-based reversible data hiding method based on histogram shifting
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
A recursive embedding algorithm towards lossless 2D vector map watermarking
Digital Signal Processing
Reversible fragile watermarking for locating tampered blocks in 2D vector maps
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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Reversible watermarking is suitable for hiding data in 2-D vector maps because the distortions induced by data embedding can be removed after extracting the hidden bits. In this paper, two reversible data-hiding schemes are explored based on the idea of difference expansion. The first scheme takes the coordinates of vertices as the cover data and hides data by modifying the differences between the adjacent coordinates. The scheme achieves high capacity in the maps with highly correlated coordinates. Instead of the raw coordinates, the second scheme adopts the manhattan distances between neighbor vertices as the cover data. A set of invertible integer mappings is defined to extract manhattan distances from coordinates and the hidden data are embedded by modifying the differences between the adjacent distances. For those maps where distances exhibit high correlation, this scheme shows better performance than the former one, both in capacity and invisibility. Three different maps with distinct features are used for the experiments. The results indicate that two proposed schemes suit different types of maps, respectively, according to the correlation of the selected cover data. Both schemes are strictly reversible. In addition, they can be slightly robust for low amplitude distortions by selecting higher digits for data hiding. The potential applications of proposed schemes may include map data authentication, secret communication, etc.