Watermarking 2D Vector Maps in the Mesh-Spectral Domain
SMI '03 Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International 2003
Illustration Watermarks for Vector Graphics
PG '03 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Reversible watermarking of 2D-vector data
Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security
Watermarking Polygonal Lines Using Fourier Descriptors
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Leakage-Resilient Cryptography
FOCS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 49th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
A reversible data hiding scheme using complementary embedding strategy
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Lossless 3D steganography based on MST and connectivity modification
Image Communication
Watermarking geographical data on spatial topological relations
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Data hiding on 3-D triangle meshes
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Data hiding in curves with application to fingerprinting maps
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - Part II
Reversible Data-Hiding Scheme for 2-D Vector Maps Based on Difference Expansion
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - Part 1
An Optimal Detector Structure for the Fourier Descriptors Domain Watermarking of 2D Vector Graphics
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Counterfeiting attacks on oblivious block-wise independent invisible watermarking schemes
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Lossless generalized-LSB data embedding
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Vector watermarking scheme for GIS vector map management
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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For 2D vector maps, obtaining good tamper localization performance and original content recovery with existing reversible fragile watermarking schemes is a technically challenging problem. Using an improved reversible watermarking method and a fragile watermarking algorithm based on vertex insertion, we propose a reversible fragile watermarking scheme that detects and locates tampered blocks with high accuracy while ensuring recovery of the original content. In particular, we propose dividing the features of the vector map into different blocks, calculating the block authentication watermarks and embedding the watermarks with different watermarking schemes. While the block division ensures superior accuracy of tamper localization, the reversible watermarking method and the fragile watermarking algorithm based on vertex insertion provide recovery of the original content. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme could detect and locate malicious attacks such as vertex/feature modification, vertex/feature addition, and vertex/feature deletion.