Digital Geographical Map Watermarking Using Polyline Interpolation
PCM '02 Proceedings of the Third IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Watermarking 2D Vector Maps in the Mesh-Spectral Domain
SMI '03 Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International 2003
A high capacity watermarking system for digital maps
Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security
Blind Robust Watermarking Schemes for Copyright Protection of 3D Mesh Objects
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
A Shape-Preserving Method for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps Based on Statistic Detection
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
A watermarking for 3D mesh using the patch CEGIs
Digital Signal Processing
Watermarking techniques using the Drawing Exchange Format (DXF) file
MM&Sec '01 Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Multimedia and security: new challenges
Modified patchwork-based watermarking scheme for satellite imagery
Signal Processing
IIH-MSP '07 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on International Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP 2007) - Volume 02
Watermarking Polygonal Lines Using Fourier Descriptors
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
CAD drawing watermarking scheme
Digital Signal Processing
Geotagging in multimedia and computer vision--a survey
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Watermarking geographical data on spatial topological relations
Multimedia Tools and Applications
An Optimal Detector Structure for the Fourier Descriptors Domain Watermarking of 2D Vector Graphics
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Watermarking road maps against crop and merge attacks
Proceedings of the first ACM workshop on Information hiding and multimedia security
Reversible fragile watermarking for locating tampered blocks in 2D vector maps
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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A geographical information services (GIS) can be provided on the basis of a digital map, which is the fundamental form of representation of data in a GIS. Because the process of producing a digital map is considerably complex and the maintenance of a digital map requires substantial monetary and human resources, a digital map is very valuable and requires copyright protection. A digital map consists of a number of layers that are categorized in terms of topographical features and landmarks. Therefore, any unauthorized person can forge either an entire digital map or the feature layers of the map. In this paper, we present a robust and invisible watermarking scheme based on polylines and polygons for the copyright protection of a GIS digital map. The proposed scheme clusters all polylines and polygons in the feature layers of the map on the basis of the polyline length and the polygon area. And then a watermark is embedded in GIS vector data on the basis of the distribution of polyline length and polygon area in each group by moving all vertices in polylines and polygons within a specified tolerance. Experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme is more robust against geometric attacks, such as rotation, scaling, and translation (RST) transformations, data addition, cropping, breaking, and filleting attacks, and layer attacks with rearrangement and cropping, when compared with conventional schemes. Moreover, the scheme also satisfies data position accuracy.