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Surface simplification using quadric error metrics
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Watermaking three-dimensional polygonal models
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Spectral compression of mesh geometry
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Digital watermarking
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IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
IDMS '97 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Telecommunication Services
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Watermarking three-dimensional polygonal models through geometric and topological modifications
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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Technical Section: Subdivision surface watermarking
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Spectral graph-theoretic approach to 3D mesh watermarking
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
Robust blind watermarking mechanism for point sampled geometry
Proceedings of the 9th workshop on Multimedia & security
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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Blind robust watermarking of 3d motion data
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
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Transactions on data hiding and multimedia security II
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ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
A highly adaptable capacity and invisibility 3D watermarking based on four-points sets
Proceedings of the 12th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
Technical Section: Robust and blind mesh watermarking based on volume moments
Computers and Graphics
Adaptive watermarking scheme using biased shift of quantization index
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Steganography on 3d models using a spatial subdivision technique
CGI'06 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Advances in Computer Graphics
Secure watermarking on 3d geometry via ICA and orthogonal transformation
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A robust high-capacity affine-transformation-invariant scheme for watermarking 3D geometric models
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP) - Special Issue on Multimedia Security
Vector watermarking scheme for GIS vector map management
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Key-dependent 3D model hashing for authentication using heat kernel signature
Digital Signal Processing
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Multimedia Tools and Applications
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In this paper, two novel methods suitable for blind 3D mesh object watermarking applications are proposed. The first method is robust against 3D rotation, translation, and uniform scaling. The second one is robust against both geometric and mesh simplification attacks. A pseudorandom watermarking signal is cast in the 3D mesh object by deforming its vertices geometrically, without altering the vertex topology. Prior to watermark embedding and detection, the object is rotated and translated so that its center of mass and its principal component coincide with the origin and the z-axis of the Cartesian coordinate system. This geometrical transformation ensures watermark robustness to translation and rotation. Robustness to uniform scaling is achieved by restricting the vertex deformations to occur only along the r coordinate of the corresponding (r, \theta, \phi) spherical coordinate system. In the first method, a set of vertices that correspond to specific angles \theta is used for watermark embedding. In the second method, the samples of the watermark sequence are embedded in a set of vertices that correspond to a range of angles in the \theta domain in order to achieve robustness against mesh simplifications. Experimental results indicate the ability of the proposed method to deal with the aforementioned attacks.