Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Spectral compression of mesh geometry
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Digital watermarking
Robust Watermarking of Point-Sampled Geometry
SMI '04 Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International 2004
Wavelet-based blind watermarking of 3D models
Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security
Watermarking a 3D Shape Model Defined as a Point Set
CW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on Cyberworlds
Blind Robust Watermarking Schemes for Copyright Protection of 3D Mesh Objects
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Spectral graph-theoretic approach to 3D mesh watermarking
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
Robust blind watermarking mechanism for point sampled geometry
Proceedings of the 9th workshop on Multimedia & security
Robust blind watermarking of point-sampled geometry
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Three-dimensional meshes watermarking: review and attack-centric investigation
IH'07 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Information hiding
Local Patch Blind Spectral Watermarking Method for 3D Graphics
IWDW '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking
Streaming 3D meshes using spectral geometry images
MM '09 Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Blind and robust mesh watermarking using manifold harmonics
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Rights protection of trajectory datasets with nearest-neighbor preservation
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
A robust high-capacity affine-transformation-invariant scheme for watermarking 3D geometric models
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP) - Special Issue on Multimedia Security
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This paper proposes a robust, blind, and imperceptible spectral watermarking approach for manifold surfaces represented as triangle meshes. The basic idea is to transform the original mesh into frequency domain using the Fourier-Like Manifold Harmonics Transform. The manifold harmonics basis defined on arbitrary topology surfaces is an intrinsic property of the manifold surfaces, i.e., it is only determined by the surface metric and independent of their resolution and embedding. This property makes our watermarking scheme immune to uniform affine attack (rotation, scaling, and translation) and robust against noise-addition and mesh simplification attacks. The global manifold harmonics are computed using the finite element method combined with a band-by-band algorithm that can compute thousands of eigenvectors for large meshes with up to a million triangles. The watermark data is embedded by modifying the manifold harmonics descriptors magnitude in an imperceptible way. By using global spectral analysis, the detection of such watermarks does not require mesh registration or re-sampling, and analysis of the statistics of the manifold harmonics descriptors is exploited to devise an optimal blind detector. Experimental results show the imperceptibility of the watermark with low distortions, and its robustness against the most common attacks including the uniform affine transformations, random noise addition, mesh simplification, etc.