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VMV '01 Proceedings of the Vision Modeling and Visualization Conference 2001
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IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
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IWDW'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Digital Watermarking
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IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm
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Watermarking three-dimensional polygonal models through geometric and topological modifications
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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Computer-Aided Design
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ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Technical Section: Topology authentication for CAPD models based on Laplacian coordinates
Computers and Graphics
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This paper presents a robust non-blind watermarking scheme for subdivision surfaces. The algorithm works in the frequency domain, by modulating spectral coefficients of the subdivision control mesh. The compactness of the watermarking support (a coarse control mesh) has led us to optimize the trade-off between watermarking redundancy (which ensures robustness) and imperceptibility by introducing two contributions: (1) spectral coefficients are perturbed according to a new modulation scheme analysing the spectrum shape and (2) the redundancy is optimized by using error correcting codes coming from telecommunication theory. Since the watermarked surface can be attacked in a subdivided version, we have introduced an algorithm to retrieve the control polyhedron, starting from a subdivided, attacked version. Experiments have shown the high robustness of our scheme against geometry attacks such as noise addition, quantization or non-uniform scaling and also connectivity alterations such as remeshing or simplification.