Watermarking 2D Vector Maps in the Mesh-Spectral Domain
SMI '03 Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International 2003
A Blind Watermarking of Vector Graphics Images
ICCIMA '03 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications
Illustration Watermarks for Vector Graphics
PG '03 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Reversible watermarking of 2D-vector data
Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security
Watermarking Polygonal Lines Using Fourier Descriptors
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A contrast-sensitive reversible visible image watermarking technique
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A Semi-fragile Digital Watermarking Algorithm for 2D Vector Graphics Tamper Localization
MINES '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and Security - Volume 01
A reversible data hiding scheme using complementary embedding strategy
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Lossless 3D steganography based on MST and connectivity modification
Image Communication
Data hiding in curves with application to fingerprinting maps
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - Part II
Reversible Data-Hiding Scheme for 2-D Vector Maps Based on Difference Expansion
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - Part 1
An Optimal Detector Structure for the Fourier Descriptors Domain Watermarking of 2D Vector Graphics
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Counterfeiting attacks on oblivious block-wise independent invisible watermarking schemes
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Lossless generalized-LSB data embedding
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A generalized tamper localization approach for reversible watermarking algorithms
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
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A 2-D vector map is very important data in the surveying and mapping fields. It is considered to be content for which verification of integrity and authenticity are urgently required. Several reversible fragile watermarking schemes based on lossless compression presented in the literature guarantee neither exact recovery of the original content nor good tamper localization performance. Using a novel marking technique and a reversible data-hiding method, we propose a scheme that detects and locates malicious attacks with high accuracy while ensuring exact recovery of the original content. In particular, we propose calculating watermarks for each spatial feature group, embedding the watermark in a reversible manner and marking the original location of each feature using interpolated vertices. While the mark of each feature ensures superior accuracy of tamper localization, the reversible data-hiding method provides exact recovery of the original content. Moreover, this paper discusses selecting appropriate embedding parameters to achieve good performance in terms of the tamper localization ability, invisibility, authentication power and security. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme could detect and locate malicious attacks such as vertex/feature modification, vertex addition/deletion, and feature addition/deletion.