Robust multiplicative patchwork method for audio watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Copyright-proving scheme for audio with counter-propagation neural networks
Digital Signal Processing
An adaptive audio watermarking based on the singular value decomposition in the wavelet domain
Digital Signal Processing
Robust hashing for music copyright protection by combining beat segmentation and chroma
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia
Statistical characteristic-based robust audio watermarking for resolving playback speed modification
Digital Signal Processing
Robust audio watermarking by using low-frequency histogram
IWDW'10 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Digital watermarking
A robust digital audio watermarking scheme using wavelet moment invariance
Journal of Systems and Software
Performance evaluation of digital audio watermarking algorithm under low bits rates
WISM'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Web information systems and mining - Volume Part I
A dual cepstrum-based watermarking scheme with self-synchronization
Signal Processing
Adaptive audio watermarking via the optimization point of view on the wavelet-based entropy
Digital Signal Processing
A new data hiding method via revision history records on collaborative writing platforms
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
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This work proposes a method of embedding digital watermarks into audio signals in the time domain. The proposed algorithm exploits differential average-of-absolute-amplitude relations within each group of audio samples to represent one-bit information. The principle of low-frequency amplitude modification is employed to scale amplitudes in a group manner (unlike the sample-by-sample manner as used in pseudonoise or spread-spectrum techniques) in selected sections of samples so that the time-domain waveform envelope can be almost preserved. Besides, when the frequency-domain characteristics of the watermark signal are controlled by applying absolute hearing thresholds in the psychoacoustic model, the distortion associated with watermarking is hardly perceivable by human ears. The watermark can be blindly extracted without knowledge of the original signal. Subjective and objective tests reveal that the proposed watermarking scheme maintains high audio quality and is simultaneously highly robust to pirate attacks, including MP3 compression, low-pass filtering, amplitude scaling, time scaling, digital-to-analog/analog-to-digital reacquisition, cropping, sampling rate change, and bit resolution transformation. Security of embedded watermarks is enhanced by adopting unequal section lengths determined by a secret key.