Improving particle swarm optimization with differentially perturbed velocity
GECCO '05 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
The gregarious particle swarm optimizer (G-PSO)
Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Facing classification problems with Particle Swarm Optimization
Applied Soft Computing
An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for Evolving Feedforward Artificial Neural Networks
Neural Processing Letters
Dispersed particle swarm optimization
Information Processing Letters
Automatic kernel clustering with a Multi-Elitist Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Pattern Recognition Letters
Adaptive constriction factor for location-related particle swarm
EC'07 Proceedings of the 8th Conference on 8th WSEAS International Conference on Evolutionary Computing - Volume 8
Solving constrained optimization via a modified genetic particle swarm optimization
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Forensic applications and techniques in telecommunications, information, and multimedia and workshop
Design of fractional order PIλDμ controllers with an improved differential evolution
Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Comparative study of SQP and metaheuristics for robotic manipulator design
Applied Numerical Mathematics
Knowledge and Information Systems
Zero-order TSK-type fuzzy system learning using a two-phase swarm intelligence algorithm
Fuzzy Sets and Systems
Driver Fatigue Detection by Fusing Multiple Cues
ISNN '07 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Neural Networks: Part II--Advances in Neural Networks
Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization
ANTS '08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence
Particle swarm optimization with adaptive population size and its application
Applied Soft Computing
Particle swarm optimization for multiuser asynchronous CDMA detector in multipath fading channel
WSEAS Transactions on Computers
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking - Intelligent Systems for Future Generation Wireless Networks
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
An efficient flow-shop scheduling algorithm based on a hybrid particle swarm optimization model
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
A self-generating fuzzy system with ant and particle swarm cooperative optimization
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Parameter extraction for PSP MOSFET model using hierarchical particle swarm optimization
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Design of fractional-order PIλDµ controllers with an improved differential evolution
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Power Electronic Circuits Design: A Particle Swarm Optimization Approach
SEAL '08 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Simulated Evolution and Learning
An algorithm portfolio based solution methodology to solve a supply chain optimization problem
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Information Processing Letters
Why standard particle swarm optimisers elude a theoretical runtime analysis
Proceedings of the tenth ACM SIGEVO workshop on Foundations of genetic algorithms
A hybrid vertical mutation and self-adaptation based MOPSO
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
A global optimization based on physicomimetics framework
Proceedings of the first ACM/SIGEVO Summit on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
Problem difficulty analysis for particle swarm optimization: deception and modality
Proceedings of the first ACM/SIGEVO Summit on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
A hybrid particle swarm optimization approach with prior crossover differential evolution
Proceedings of the first ACM/SIGEVO Summit on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
Opposition based initialization in particle swarm optimization (O-PSO)
Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference Companion on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference: Late Breaking Papers
Positive Linear Correlation Particle Swarm Optimization
RSKT '09 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology
Navigating a robotic swarm in an uncharted 2D landscape
Applied Soft Computing
Adaptive computational chemotaxis in bacterial foraging optimization: an analysis
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Integral Particle Swarm Optimization with Dispersed Accelerator Information
Fundamenta Informaticae - Swarm Intelligence
ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems (TAAS)
Solving the flight frequency programming problem with particle swarm optimization
CEC'09 Proceedings of the Eleventh conference on Congress on Evolutionary Computation
Fast convergence strategy for particle swarm optimization using spread factor
CEC'09 Proceedings of the Eleventh conference on Congress on Evolutionary Computation
Control of a flexible plate structure using particle swarm optimization
CEC'09 Proceedings of the Eleventh conference on Congress on Evolutionary Computation
A Discrete PSO for Multi-objective Optimization in VLSI Floorplanning
ISICA '09 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Advances in Computation and Intelligence
Particle Swarm Optimization with Dynamic Step Length
ICIC '07 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Computing: Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications. With Aspects of Artificial Intelligence
Fault Condition Recognition Based on PSO and KPCA
ICONIP '09 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Neural Information Processing: Part II
Parameter identification of chaotic dynamic systems through an improved particle swarm optimization
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Adaptive clubs-based particle swarm optimization
ACC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on American Control Conference
Design of artificial neural networks using a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm
IJCNN'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on Neural Networks
Application of particle swarm optimizers to two-objective problems in design of switching inverters
IJCNN'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on Neural Networks
Particle swarm optimization algorithm based on velocity differential mutation
CCDC'09 Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on Chinese control and decision conference
WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications
A theoretical and empirical analysis of convergence related particle swarm optimization
WSEAS Transactions on Systems and Control
Frankenstein's PSO: a composite particle swarm optimization algorithm
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Adaptive particle swarm optimization
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Minimum bit error rate multiuser transmission designs using particle swarm optimisation
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Boid particle swarm optimisation
International Journal of Innovative Computing and Applications
Individual predicted integral-controlled particle swarm optimisation
International Journal of Innovative Computing and Applications
Restarting multi-type particle swarm optimization using an adaptive selection of particle type
SMC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
Parallel scalable hardware implementation of asynchronous discrete particle swarm optimization
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Perceptive particle swarm optimization: a new learning method from birds seeking
IWANN'07 Proceedings of the 9th international work conference on Artificial neural networks
An efficient flow-shop scheduling algorithm based on a hybrid particle swarm optimization model
IEA/AIE'07 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Industrial, engineering, and other applications of applied intelligent systems
Hierarchical cluster-based multispecies particle-swarm optimization for fuzzy-system optimization
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
Designing fuzzy-rule-based systems using continuous ant-colony optimization
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
A fast particle swarm optimization algorithm with cauchy mutation and natural selection strategy
ISICA'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Advances in computation and intelligence
Fast multi-swarm optimization with cauchy mutation and crossover operation
ISICA'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Advances in computation and intelligence
Particle swarm optimization using lévy probability distribution
ISICA'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Advances in computation and intelligence
Dynamic population size based particle swarm optimization
ISICA'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Advances in computation and intelligence
A random velocity boundary condition for robust particle swarm optimization
LSMS'07 Proceedings of the Life system modeling and simulation 2007 international conference on Bio-Inspired computational intelligence and applications
The limited mutation particle swarm optimizer
LSMS'07 Proceedings of the Life system modeling and simulation 2007 international conference on Bio-Inspired computational intelligence and applications
Particle swarm optimizer based on dynamic neighborhood topology
ICIC'09 Proceedings of the Intelligent computing 5th international conference on Emerging intelligent computing technology and applications
Nearest neighbor interaction PSO based on small-world model
IDEAL'09 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent data engineering and automated learning
A hybrid of differential evolution and particle swarm optimization for global optimization
IITA'09 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Intelligent information technology application
An improved self-adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm with simulated annealing
IITA'09 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Intelligent information technology application
Differential genetic particle swarm optimization for continuous function optimization
IITA'09 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Intelligent information technology application
Reduced-support-vector-based fuzzy-neural model with application to the material property prediction
FSKD'09 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery - Volume 6
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial bee colony algorithm for small signal model parameter extraction of MESFET
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Particle swarm optimisation of memory usage in embedded systems
International Journal of High Performance Systems Architecture
Hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm with fine tuning operators
International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation
Predicted modified PSO with time-varying accelerator coefficients
International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation
Swarm-based approximate dynamic optimization process for discrete particle swarm optimization system
International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation
International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation
International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation
Particle swarm optimisation based Diophantine equation solver
International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation
Particle swarm optimisation aided minimum bit error rate multiuser transmission
ICC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications
A novel set-based particle swarm optimization method for discrete optimization problems
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Blind Multiuser Detection in Frequency Domain for MC-CDMA Systems Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Hybridisation of particle swarm optimisation with area concentrated search
International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Parameter estimation of bilinear systems based on an adaptive particle swarm optimization
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
A note on the learning automata based algorithms for adaptive parameter selection in PSO
Applied Soft Computing
Two-stage fuzzy stochastic programming with Value-at-Risk criteria
Applied Soft Computing
Parameter estimation of chaotic systems by a nonlinear time-varying evolution PSO method
Artificial Life and Robotics
Modified particle swarm optimization for a multimodal mixed-variable laser peening process
Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization
Particle swarm optimization aided orthogonal forward regression for unified data modeling
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Optimal operational planning of steam power systems using an IPSOSA algorithm
Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
ANTS'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Swarm intelligence
Re-diversified particle swarm optimization
LSMS/ICSEE'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Life system modeling and simulation and intelligent computing, and 2010 international conference on Intelligent computing for sustainable energy and environment: Part II
Parameter selection, analysis and evaluation of an improved particle swarm optimizer with leadership
Artificial Intelligence Review
A hybrid cooperative search algorithm for constrained optimization
Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization
Parameter selection of a Particle Swarm Optimisation dynamics by closed loop stability analysis
International Journal of Computing Science and Mathematics
Self-organizing learning algorithm for multidimensional non-linear optimization applications
ICICA'10 Proceedings of the First international conference on Information computing and applications
Discrete PSO-based fault-tolerant topology control scheme in wireless sensor networks
ISICA'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Advances in computation and intelligence
Recurrent fuzzy system design using elite-guided continuous ant colony optimization
Applied Soft Computing
A rank based particle swarm optimization algorithm with dynamic adaptation
Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Swarm intelligence for cardinality-constrained portfolio problems
ICCCI'10 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Computational collective intelligence: technologies and applications - Volume Part III
An empirical analysis of convergence related particle swarm optimization
MMACTEE'09 Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS international conference on Mathematical methods and computational techniques in electrical engineering
MMACTEE'09 Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS international conference on Mathematical methods and computational techniques in electrical engineering
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Manufacturing yield improvement by clustering
ICONIP'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Neural information processing - Volume Part III
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Intelligent identification and control using improved fuzzy particle swarm optimization
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
An evolutionary PageRank approach for journal ranking with expert judgements
Journal of Information Science
Hardware/software co-design for particle swarm optimization algorithm
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Handling boundary constraints for particle swarm optimization in high-dimensional search space
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Self-adaptive learning based particle swarm optimization
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Scale-free fully informed particle swarm optimization algorithm
Information Sciences: an International Journal
PAKDD'11 Proceedings of the 15th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining - Volume Part I
An adaptive tribe-particle swarm optimization
ICSI'11 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in swarm intelligence - Volume Part I
An improved particle swarm optimization with an adaptive updating mechanism
ICSI'11 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in swarm intelligence - Volume Part I
MLDM'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Machine learning and data mining in pattern recognition
Particle swarm optimisation of a discontinuous control for a wheeled mobile robot with two trailers
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
A hybrid particle swarm optimization and its application in neural networks
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
A modified particle swarm optimization for correlated phenomena
Applied Soft Computing
Feedback learning particle swarm optimization
Applied Soft Computing
A novel learning scheme for Chebyshev functional link neural networks
Advances in Artificial Neural Systems
Example-based learning particle swarm optimization for continuous optimization
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Comprehensive analysis for modified particle swarm optimisation with PD controllers
International Journal of Intelligent Information and Database Systems
Particle swarm optimiser with hybrid multi-parent crossover and discrete recombination
International Journal of Intelligent Information and Database Systems
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
ICONIP'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part II
Numerical optimization using organizational particle swarm algorithm
SEAL'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Simulated Evolution And Learning
Particle swarm optimization based on information diffusion and clonal selection
SEAL'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Simulated Evolution And Learning
PReMI'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence
Crowd avoidance strategy in particle swarm algorithm
CIS'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Computational Intelligence and Security - Volume Part I
A comparison of particle swarm optimization algorithms based on run-length distributions
ANTS'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB)
A new hybrid algorithm of particle swarm optimization
ICIC'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Computational Intelligence and Bioinformatics - Volume Part III
Adaptive particle swarm optimization with feedback control of diversity
ICIC'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Computational Intelligence and Bioinformatics - Volume Part III
Particle swarm optimization with opposite particles
MICAI'05 Proceedings of the 4th Mexican international conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Study on the local search ability of particle swarm optimization
ICSI'10 Proceedings of the First international conference on Advances in Swarm Intelligence - Volume Part I
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
ICMB'10 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Medical Biometrics
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Integration of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm for dynamic clustering
Information Sciences: an International Journal
On fast and accurate block-based motion estimation algorithms using particle swarm optimization
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Feedback controlled particle swarm optimization and its application in time-series prediction
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
A new multi-swarm multi-objective particle swarm optimization based on pareto front set
ICIC'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications: with aspects of artificial intelligence
Probe into principle of expert system in psychological warfare
ICIC'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications: with aspects of artificial intelligence
PSO based wireless sensor networks coverage optimization on DEMs
ICIC'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications: with aspects of artificial intelligence
A new stochastic algorithm to direct orbits of chaotic systems
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
Identification of surgical practice patterns using evolutionary cluster analysis
Mathematical and Computer Modelling: An International Journal
Mathematical and Computer Modelling: An International Journal
Numerical optimization using synergetic swarms of foraging bacterial populations
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Randomization in particle swarm optimization for global search ability
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
A Three-Stage Expert System Based on Support Vector Machines for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
Journal of Medical Systems
Solving the bi-objective personnel assignment problem using particle swarm optimization
Applied Soft Computing
Grey particle swarm optimization
Applied Soft Computing
Advanced Engineering Informatics
Social emotional optimisation algorithm with emotional model
International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing
Integral Particle Swarm Optimization with Dispersed Accelerator Information
Fundamenta Informaticae - Swarm Intelligence
Grey-Based particle swarm optimization algorithm
ICSI'12 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Advances in Swarm Intelligence - Volume Part I
Biological Swarm Intelligence Based Opportunistic Resource Allocation for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
Journal of Medical Systems
Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Task allocation in distributed computing systems using adaptive particle swarm optimisation
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
A hybrid algorithm for artificial neural network training
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Swine Influenza Models Based Optimization (SIMBO)
Applied Soft Computing
The self-adaptive comprehensive learning particle swarm optimizer
ANTS'12 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Swarm Intelligence
A self-adaptive heterogeneous PSO inspired by ants
ANTS'12 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Swarm Intelligence
PPSN'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - Volume Part II
Identification of prandtl-ishlinskii hysteresis models using modified particle swarm optimization
ICIRA'12 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications - Volume Part II
An analysis of nonlinear acceleration coefficients adjustment for PSO
AICI'12 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence
Social emotional optimisation algorithm with Levy distribution
International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing
International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation
Reserve Constrained Multi-Area Economic Dispatch Employing Evolutionary Approach
International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation
Fuzzy systems based on multispecies PSO method in spatial analysis
Advances in Fuzzy Systems - Special issue on Fuzzy Functions, Relations, and Fuzzy Transforms (2012)
International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing
Self-Adaptive particle swarm optimization
SEAL'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Simulated Evolution and Learning
A new improved self adaptive particle swarm optimization technique for economic load dispatch
SEMCCO'12 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Swarm, Evolutionary, and Memetic Computing
Modified particle swarm optimization with switching update strategy
SEMCCO'12 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Swarm, Evolutionary, and Memetic Computing
A hybrid PSO-FSVM model and its application to imbalanced classification of mammograms
ACIIDS'13 Proceedings of the 5th Asian conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems - Volume Part I
A mixed-discrete Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm with explicit diversity-preservation
Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization
Robust trifocal tensor constraints for structure from motion estimation
Pattern Recognition Letters
Differential evolution with local information for neuro-fuzzy systems optimisation
Knowledge-Based Systems
A model-independent Particle Swarm Optimisation software for model calibration
Environmental Modelling & Software
An intelligent multi-restart memetic algorithm for box constrained global optimisation
Evolutionary Computation
Towards a repulsive and adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm
Proceedings of the 15th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Compact Particle Swarm Optimization
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Computers in Biology and Medicine
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
A novel artificial bee colony algorithm with Powell's method
Applied Soft Computing
A team-oriented approach to particle swarms
Applied Soft Computing
A pattern based PSO approach for block matching in motion estimation
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Particle swarm optimization with grey evolutionary analysis
Applied Soft Computing
FRAN and RBF-PSO as two components of a hyper framework to recognize protein folds
Computers in Biology and Medicine
A New Cooperative PSO Approach with Landscape Estimation, Dimension Partition, and Velocity Control
International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence
Two-layer particle swarm optimization with intelligent division of labor
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
A novel switching local evolutionary PSO for quantitative analysis of lateral flow immunoassay
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Particle swarm optimization with increasing topology connectivity
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
CAPSO: Centripetal accelerated particle swarm optimization
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Journal of Symbolic Computation
Combining technical trading rules using particle swarm optimization
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Using Watts-Strogatz particle swarm optimisation to solve direct orbits of chaotic systems
International Journal of Computing Science and Mathematics
Quadratic interpolation based orthogonal learning particle swarm optimization algorithm
Natural Computing: an international journal
Accurate sub-swarms particle swarm optimization algorithm for service composition
Journal of Systems and Software
Computational Optimization and Applications
Bio-inspired optimisation for economic load dispatch: a review
International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Parallel swarms oriented particle swarm optimization
Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing
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This paper introduces a novel parameter automation strategy for the particle swarm algorithm and two further extensions to improve its performance after a predefined number of generations. Initially, to efficiently control the local search and convergence to the global optimum solution, time-varying acceleration coefficients (TVAC) are introduced in addition to the time-varying inertia weight factor in particle swarm optimization (PSO). From the basis of TVAC, two new strategies are discussed to improve the performance of the PSO. First, the concept of "mutation" is introduced to the particle swarm optimization along with TVAC (MPSO-TVAC), by adding a small perturbation to a randomly selected modulus of the velocity vector of a random particle by predefined probability. Second, we introduce a novel particle swarm concept "self-organizing hierarchical particle swarm optimizer with TVAC (HPSO-TVAC)". Under this method, only the "social" part and the "cognitive" part of the particle swarm strategy are considered to estimate the new velocity of each particle and particles are reinitialized whenever they are stagnated in the search space. In addition, to overcome the difficulties of selecting an appropriate mutation step size for different problems, a time-varying mutation step size was introduced. Further, for most of the benchmarks, mutation probability is found to be insensitive to the performance of MPSO-TVAC method. On the other hand, the effect of reinitialization velocity on the performance of HPSO-TVAC method is also observed. Time-varying reinitialization step size is found to be an efficient parameter optimization strategy for HPSO-TVAC method. The HPSO-TVAC strategy outperformed all the methods considered in this investigation for most of the functions. Furthermore, it has also been observed that both the MPSO and HPSO strategies perform poorly when the acceleration coefficients are fixed at two.