Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Modeling TCP throughput: a simple model and its empirical validation
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The Panasas ActiveScale Storage Cluster: Delivering Scalable High Bandwidth Storage
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MapReduce: simplified data processing on large clusters
OSDI'04 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Symposium on Opearting Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 6
Scalable performance of the Panasas parallel file system
FAST'08 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
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PortLand: a scalable fault-tolerant layer 2 data center network fabric
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VL2: a scalable and flexible data center network
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on Data communication
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Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on Data communication
Understanding TCP incast throughput collapse in datacenter networks
Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Research on enterprise networking
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Seawall: performance isolation for cloud datacenter networks
HotCloud'10 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on Hot topics in cloud computing
vSnoop: Improving TCP Throughput in Virtualized Environments via Acknowledgement Offload
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM/IEEE International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis
ICTCP: Incast Congestion Control for TCP in data center networks
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SecondNet: a data center network virtualization architecture with bandwidth guarantees
Proceedings of the 6th International COnference
Towards predictable datacenter networks
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conference
Improving datacenter performance and robustness with multipath TCP
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conference
Opportunistic flooding to improve TCP transmit performance in virtualized clouds
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing
Processor sharing flows in the internet
IWQoS'05 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Quality of Service
Reproducible network experiments using container-based emulation
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Emerging networking experiments and technologies
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers
Catch the whole lot in an action: rapid precise packet loss notification in data centers
NSDI'14 Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
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In this paper, we observe that bandwidth sharing via TCP in commodity data center networks organized in multi-rooted tree topologies can lead to severe unfairness, which we term as the TCP Outcast problem, under many common traffic patterns. When many flows and a few flows arrive at two ports of a switch destined to one common output port, the small set of flows lose out on their throughput share significantly (almost by an order of magnitude sometimes). The Outcast problem occurs mainly in taildrop queues that commodity switches use. Using careful analysis, we discover that taildrop queues exhibit a phenomenon known as port blackout, where a series of packets from one port are dropped. Port blackout affects the fewer flows more significantly, as they lose more consecutive packets leading to TCP timeouts. In this paper, we show the existence of this TCP Outcast problem using a data center network testbed using real hardware under different scenarios. We then evaluate different solutions such as RED, SFQ, TCP pacing, and a new solution called equal-length routing to mitigate the Outcast problem.