Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Using moment invariants and HMM in facial expression recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Handbook of Face Recognition
Fully Automatic Facial Action Recognition in Spontaneous Behavior
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Expression recognition using fuzzy spatio-temporal modeling
Pattern Recognition
Recognising facial expressions in video sequences
Pattern Analysis & Applications
Extension of cascaded simple feature based face detection to facial expression recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Boosting encoded dynamic features for facial expression recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
A Survey of Affect Recognition Methods: Audio, Visual, and Spontaneous Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Facial expression recognition based on shape and texture
Pattern Recognition
Facial expression recognition based on Local Binary Patterns: A comprehensive study
Image and Vision Computing
Subtle facial expression recognition using motion magnification
Pattern Recognition Letters
Pose-Invariant Facial Expression Recognition Using Variable-Intensity Templates
International Journal of Computer Vision
Boosted multi-resolution spatiotemporal descriptors for facial expression recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
A novel approach to classification of facial expressions from 3D-mesh datasets using modified PCA
Pattern Recognition Letters
Automatic coding of facial expressions displayed during posed and genuine pain
Image and Vision Computing
A Unified Probabilistic Framework for Spontaneous Facial Action Modeling and Understanding
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Facial expression recognition based on graph-preserving sparse non-negative matrix factorization
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
A model-based facial expression recognition algorithm using principal components analysis
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
From facial expression to level of interest: a spatio-temporal approach
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
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Facial expression's machine analysis is one of the most challenging problems in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Naturally, facial expressions depend on subtle movements of facial muscles to show emotional states. After having studied the relations between basic expressions and corresponding facial deformation models, we propose two new textons, VTB and moments on spatiotemporal plane, to describe the transformation of human face during facial expressions. These descriptors aim at catching both general shape changes and motion texture details. Therefore, modeling the temporal behavior of facial expression captures the dynamic deformation of facial components. Finally, SVM based system is used to efficiently recognize the expression for a single image in sequence. Then, the probabilities of all the frames are used to predict the class of the current sequence. The experimental results are evaluated on both Cohan-Kanade and MMI databases. By comparison to other methods, the effectiveness of our method is clearly demonstrated.