Principal component neural networks: theory and applications
Principal component neural networks: theory and applications
Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Interpretation and Coding of Face Images Using Flexible Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Coding, Analysis, Interpretation, and Recognition of Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Neural Network-Based Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Facial Expressions in Image Sequences Using Local Parameterized Models of Image Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation
Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation
Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition
Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition
Distortion Invariant Object Recognition in the Dynamic Link Architecture
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Feature-Point Tracking by Optical Flow Discriminates Subtle Differences in Facial Expression
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Online Facial Expression Recognition Based on Personalized Galleries
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Expression Recognition from Time-Sequential Facial Images by Use of Expression Change Model
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Real Time Facial Expression Recognition with Adaboost
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 3 - Volume 03
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Facial expression recognition using constructive feedforward neural networks
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Clustered-Hybrid Multilayer Perceptron network for pattern recognition application
Applied Soft Computing
A dynamic over-sampling procedure based on sensitivity for multi-class problems
Pattern Recognition
RBF neural network based on q-Gaussian function in function approximation
Frontiers of Computer Science in China
A prototype classifier based on gravitational search algorithm
Applied Soft Computing
Automatic facial expression recognition based on spatiotemporal descriptors
Pattern Recognition Letters
State of the art of smart homes
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
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The paper presents novel modifications to radial basis functions (RBFs) and a neural network based classifier for holistic recognition of the six universal facial expressions from static images. The new basis functions, called cloud basis functions (CBFs) use a different feature weighting, derived to emphasize features relevant to class discrimination. Further, these basis functions are designed to have multiple boundary segments, rather than a single boundary as for RBFs. These new enhancements to the basis functions along with a suitable training algorithm allow the neural network to better learn the specific properties of the problem domain. The proposed classifiers have demonstrated superior performance compared to conventional RBF neural networks as well as several other types of holistic techniques used in conjunction with RBF neural networks. The CBF neural network based classifier yielded an accuracy of 96.1%, compared to 86.6%, the best accuracy obtained from all other conventional RBF neural network based classification schemes tested using the same database.