An architecture for an ASN.1 encoder/decoder
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems - Special Quadruple Issue: Conference on Communication and Data Communication
Efficient encoding of application layer PDU's for fieldbus networks
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Defining faster transfer syntaxes for the OSI presentation protocol
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Network computing system reference manual
Network computing system reference manual
Network computing architecture
Network computing architecture
Architectural considerations for a new generation of protocols
SIGCOMM '90 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Communications architectures & protocols
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems - Formal description technique (FDT) languages for protocols
Defining more efficient transfer syntax for application layer PDUs in field bus applications
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
A simple encoder for fieldbus applications
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
A Value Transmission Method for Abstract Data Types
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Combining ASN1 Support with the LOTOS Language
Proceedings of the IFIP WG6.1 Ninth International Symposium on Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification IX
Encoding CCITT X.409 presentation transfer syntax
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
An analysis of TCP processing overhead
IEEE Communications Magazine
ASN.1 and ROS: the impact of X.400 on OSI
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Case study: Partial ASN.1/BER decoding scheme in a multiprocessor environment
Computer Communications
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The tasks of encoding and decoding complex data structures for network transmission are more expensive in terms of processor time and memory usage than any other components of the protocol stack. We examined the performance of four network data representation standards: ASN.1 Basic Encoding Rules (BER) and Packed Encoding Rules (PER). We also compare our implementations for BER and PER against the Sun Microsystem's External Data Representation (XDR) and HP/Apollo's Network Data Representation (NDR). To help examine implementation issues, we designed the snacc ASN.1 compiler that produces compile-based (C and C++) and table-based encoders and decoders as well as type tables. The implementation issues investigated include compiled versus table-based encoding and decoding, implementation language (C/C++), buffering techniques and memory management. We found that the areas crucial to efficient encoder and decoder implementations are memory management, buffer management and the overall simplicity of the encoding rules. Table-based encoders and decoders typically have considerably smaller code size but perform less efficiently than their compiled counterparts. In contrast to popular belief, it is possible to implement ASN.1 BER and PER encoders and decoders that perform as well as their NDR and XDR counterparts.