Proper tail recursion and space efficiency
PLDI '98 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1998 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Java Virtual Machine Specification
Java Virtual Machine Specification
The nesC language: A holistic approach to networked embedded systems
PLDI '03 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2003 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Inter-procedural stacked register allocation for itanium® like architecture
ICS '03 Proceedings of the 17th annual international conference on Supercomputing
Using page residency to balance tradeoffs in tracing garbage collection
Proceedings of the 1st ACM/USENIX international conference on Virtual execution environments
Eliminating stack overflow by abstract interpretation
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Optimal register reassignment for register stack overflow minimization
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Memory overflow protection for embedded systems using run-time checks, reuse, and compression
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
SESAME: space-efficient stack allocation mechanism for multi-threaded sensor operating systems
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Stack size reduction of recursive programs
CASES '07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
Virtual machine showdown: Stack versus registers
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
MTSS: Multitask stack sharing for embedded systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Eliminating the call stack to save RAM
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Darjeeling, a feature-rich VM for the resource poor
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
The embedded Java benchmark suite JemBench
Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Java Technologies for Real-Time and Embedded Systems
Offline GC: trashing reachable objects on tiny devices
Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Optimized java binary and virtual machine for tiny motes
DCOSS'10 Proceedings of the 6th IEEE international conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems
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The ability of tiny embedded devices to run large feature-rich programs is typically constrained by the amount of memory installed on such devices. Furthermore, the useful operation of these devices in wireless sensor applications is limited by their battery life. This paper presents a call stack redesign targeted at an efficient use of RAM storage and CPU cycles by a Java program running on a wireless sensor mote. Without compromising the application programs, our call stack redesign saves 30% of RAM, on average, evaluated over a large number of benchmarks. On the same set of bench-marks, our design also avoids frequent RAM allocations and deallocations, resulting in average 80% fewer memory operations and 23% faster program execution. These may be critical improvements for tiny embedded devices that are equipped with small amount of RAM and limited battery life. However, our call stack redesign is equally effective for any complex multi-threaded object oriented program developed for desktop computers. We describe the redesign, measure its performance and report the resulting savings in RAM and execution time for a wide variety of programs.