Theoretical Computer Science
Design and Synthesis of Synchronization Skeletons Using Branching-Time Temporal Logic
Logic of Programs, Workshop
International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)
Incremental Development of a Distributed Real-Time Model of a Cardiac Pacing System Using VDM
FM '08 Proceedings of the 15th international symposium on Formal Methods
Improving medical protocols by formal methods
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Formal Specification of a Cardiac Pacing System
FM '09 Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Formal Methods
Modeling and Verification of Safety Critical Systems: A Case Study on Pacemaker
SSIRI '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Fourth International Conference on Secure Software Integration and Reliability Improvement
A Safety-Assured Development Approach for Real-Time Software
RTCSA '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE 16th International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications
Model-Based Closed-Loop Testing of Implantable Pacemakers
ICCPS '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE/ACM Second International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems
From Verification to Implementation: A Model Translation Tool and a Pacemaker Case Study
RTAS '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 18th Real Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium
Demo Abstract: Model-Based Testing of Implantable Cardiac Devices
ICCPS '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems
A simulink hybrid heart model for quantitative verification of cardiac pacemakers
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Hybrid systems: computation and control
From software verification to `everyware' verification
Computer Science - Research and Development
Safety-critical medical device development using the UPP2SF model translation tool
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
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The design and implementation of software for medical devices is challenging due to their rapidly increasing functionality and the tight coupling of computation, control, and communication. The safety-critical nature and the lack of existing industry standards for verification, make this an ideal domain for exploring applications of formal modeling and analysis. In this study, we use a dual chamber implantable pacemaker as a case study for modeling and verification of control algorithms for medical devices in UPPAAL. We begin with detailed models of the pacemaker, based on the specifications and algorithm descriptions from Boston Scientific. We then define the state space of the closed-loop system based on its heart rate and developed a heart model which can non-deterministically cover the whole state space. For verification, we first specify unsafe regions within the state space and verify the closed-loop system against corresponding safety requirements. As stronger assertions are attempted, the closed-loop unsafe state may result from healthy open-loop heart conditions. Such unsafe transitions are investigated with two clinical cases of Pacemaker Mediated Tachycardia and their corresponding correction algorithms in the pacemaker. Along with emerging tools for code generation from UPPAAL models, this effort enables model-driven design and certification of software for medical devices.