Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks
HICSS '00 Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 8 - Volume 8
An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Poster abstract: wiseMAC, an ultra low power MAC protocol for the wiseNET wireless sensor network
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
TSync: a lightweight bidirectional time synchronization service for wireless sensor networks
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review - Special issue on wireless pan & sensor networks
Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The flooding time synchronization protocol
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Ad-hoc multicast routing on resource-limited sensor nodes
REALMAN '06 Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Multi-hop ad hoc networks: from theory to reality
Practical synchronization techniques for multi-channel MAC
Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
X-MAC: a short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Ultra-low duty cycle MAC with scheduled channel polling
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
An address-light, integrated MAC and routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
BeamStar: An Edge-Based Approach to Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing
Route recovery in vertex-disjoint multipath routing for many-to-one sensor networks
Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
ICDT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 The Third International Conference on Digital Telecommunications
Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems
Opportunistic flooding in low-duty-cycle wireless sensor networks with unreliable links
Proceedings of the 15th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: a survey
IEEE Communications Magazine
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Although various medium access control (MAC) and routing protocols have been designed for WSNs (wireless sensor networks) to extend the network lifetime, their performances are significantly aggravated under extremely low duty cycled environments because they are optimized for low duty cycles, i.e., 0.1-10%. In this paper, we propose a new centralized routing protocol with multi-hop wakeup time estimation to maximize the network lifetime of WSNs under ultra low duty cycles. It does not use packet flooding for route recovery and solves the high energy consumption problem caused by each node's clock drift. It achieves a very long network lifetime regardless of the node density because the number of control messages does not increase with the node density. The sink node in the proposed protocol collects the clock drift information from each node and calculates the wakeup time of each node using the multi-hop wakeup time estimation. We investigate the performance of the proposed routing protocol through extensive simulations, and show that it extends the network lifetime over ten times compared to the other combinations of existing routing and MAC protocols, when it runs on the top of W-MAC designed for ultra low duty cycled environments.