Contextual design: defining customer-centered systems
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Journal of Biomedical Informatics - Special issue: Human-centered computing in health information systems. Part 1: Analysis and design
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Journal of Biomedical Informatics - Special issue: Human-centered computing in health information systems. Part 1: Analysis and design
Distributed cognition and mobile healthcare work
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Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
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To understand how healthcare technologies are used in practice and evaluate them, researchers have argued for adopting the theoretical framework of Distributed Cognition (DC). This paper describes the methods and results of a study in which a DC methodology, Distributed Cognition for Teamwork (DiCoT), was applied to study the use of infusion pumps by nurses in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Data was gathered through ethnographic observations and interviews. Data analysis consisted of constructing the representational models of DiCoT, focusing on information flows, physical layouts, social structures and artefacts. The findings show that there is significant distribution of cognition in the ICU: socially, among nurses; physically, through the material environment; and through technological artefacts. The DiCoT methodology facilitated the identification of potential improvements that could increase the safety and efficiency of nurses' interactions with infusion technology.