Pruning-based, energy-optimal, deterministic I/O device scheduling for hard real-time systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Power-aware scheduling and dynamic voltage setting for tasks running on a hard real-time system
ASP-DAC '06 Proceedings of the 2006 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Online energy-aware I/O device scheduling for hard real-time systems
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe: Proceedings
Idle energy minimization by mode sequence optimization
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
A DVS-assisted hard real-time I/O device scheduling algorithm
Real-Time Systems
Minimizing expected energy consumption through optimal integration of DVS and DPM
Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Energy reduction techniques for systems with non-DVS components
ETFA'09 Proceedings of the 14th IEEE international conference on Emerging technologies & factory automation
Dynamic alteration schemes of real-time schedules for I/O device energy efficiency
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Power-saving scheduling for weakly dynamic voltage scaling devices
WADS'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Algorithms and Data Structures
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Energy consumption is an important design parameter for embedded and portable systems. Software-controlled (or dynamic) power management (DPM) has emerged as an attractive alternative to inflexible hardware solutions. However, DPM via I/O device scheduling for real-time systems has not been considered before. We present an online I/O device scheduler, which we call low-energy device scheduler (LEDES), for hard real-time systems that reduces the energy consumption of I/O devices. LEDES takes as inputs a predetermined task schedule and a device-usage list for each task and it generates a sequence of sleep/working states for each device such that the energy consumption of the device is minimized. It also guarantees that real-time constraints are not violated. We then present a more general I/O device scheduler, which we call multistate constrained low-energy scheduler (MUSCLES), for handling I/O devices with multiple power states. MUSCLES generates a sequence of power states for each I/O device while guaranteeing that real-time constraints are not violated. We present several realistic case studies to show that LEDES and MUSCLES reduce energy consumption significantly for hard real-time systems.