Droplet-routing-aware module placement for cross-referencing biochips
Proceedings of the 19th international symposium on Physical design
ILP-based pin-count aware design methodology for microfluidic biochips
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Proceedings of the 48th Design Automation Conference
Congestion-aware layout design for high-throughput digital microfluidic biochips
ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems (JETC)
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
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Digital microfluidic biochips are revolutionizing high-throughput DNA, immunoassays, and clinical diagnostics. As high-throughput bioassays are mapped to digital microfluidic platforms, the need for design automation techniques for pin-constrained biochips is being increasingly felt. However, most prior work on biochips computer-aided design has assumed independent control of the underlying electrodes using a large number of (electrical) input pins. We propose a droplet-manipulation method based on a ldquocross-referencingrdquo addressing method that uses ldquorowrdquo and ldquocolumnsrdquo to access electrodes. By mapping the droplet-movement problem on a cross-referenced chip to the clique-partitioning problem from graph theory, the proposed method allows simultaneous movement of a large number of droplets on a microfluidic array. Concurrency is enhanced through the use of an efficient scheduling algorithm that determines the order in which groups of droplets are moved. The proposed design-automation method facilitates high-throughput applications on a pin-constrained biochip, and it is evaluated using random synthetic benchmarks and a set of multiplexed bioassays.