Virtual reality learning environments: potentials and challenges
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
Why do people play on-line games? an extended TAM with social influences and flow experience
Information and Management
Motivating learners in educational computer games
Motivating learners in educational computer games
Do multi-user virtual environments really enhance student's motivation in engineering education?
FIE'09 Proceedings of the 39th IEEE international conference on Frontiers in education conference
A review of interoperability and possibilities for data analysis from virtual world environments
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies
Getting Real About Virtual Worlds: A Review
International Journal of Virtual Communities and Social Networking
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This study aims to find out factors of media characteristic which are considered to influence flow in learning through virtual worlds. One hundred ninety eight elementary students who are eleven to twelve years old participated in this study. After the exploratory factor analysis, to extract media characteristics of virtual worlds, seventy-eight elementary students who are eleven years old were used in the analysis of exploring relationships between factors influencing flow. The results of this study show that distinct media characteristics of virtual worlds affecting engagement were labeled 'interactivity', 'representational fidelity', 'immediacy of communication', 'consistency', and 'persistence' after the exploratory factor analysis. Another result of this study is that the media characteristics are positively correlated: when students effectively recognize media characteristics, the level of flow is also high. In addition, virtual worlds' characteristics have a significantly consistent predictability on learners' flow, which is consistent with previous research that demonstrated media characteristics were a critical factor for influencing engagement. Lastly, factors of media characteristics such as 'immediacy of communication,' 'consistency' and 'persistence' are related to flow, but don't have an influence on causality, so it is difficult to assert that these factors predict learner's engagement. However, other factors such as 'interactivity' and 'representational fidelity' are significant factors that predict flow in learning through virtual worlds.