The SR-tree: an index structure for high-dimensional nearest neighbor queries
SIGMOD '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Optimized view frustum culling algorithms for bounding boxes
Journal of Graphics Tools
R-trees: a dynamic index structure for spatial searching
SIGMOD '84 Proceedings of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Q+Rtree: Efficient Indexing for Moving Object Databases
DASFAA '03 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications
The Hybrid Tree: An Index Structure for High Dimensional Feature Spaces
ICDE '99 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Data Engineering
An intelligent 3D user interface adapting to user control behaviors
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
WWW '05 Special interest tracks and posters of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web
Flexible Parametrization of Scene Graphs
VR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Conference 2005 on Virtual Reality
Continuous level-of-detail modeling of buildings in 3D city models
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international workshop on Geographic information systems
Level of detail based occlusion culling for dynamic scenes
GRAPHITE '05 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Semantic Information and Local Constraints for Parametric Parts in Interactive Virtual Construction
SG '07 Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on Smart Graphics
Characterization of 3D shape parts for semantic annotation
Computer-Aided Design
View-dependent simplification of complex urban scenes using weighted quadtrees
ICAT'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Advances in Artificial Reality and Tele-Existence
A general strategy for semantic levels of detail visualization in urban environment
UDMV '13 Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Urban Data Modelling and Visualisation
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The purpose of this work is the semantic visualization of complex 3D city models containing numerous dynamic entities, as well as performing interactive semantic walkthroughs and flights without predefined paths. This is achieved by using a 3D multilayer scene graph that integrates geometric and semantic information as well as by the performance of efficient geometric and what we call semantic view culling. The proposed semantic-geometric scene graph is a 3D structure composed of several layers which is suitable for visualizing geometric data with semantic meaning while the user is navigating inside the 3D city model. BqR-Tree is the data structure specially developed for the geometric layer for the purpose of speeding up rendering time in urban scenes. It is an improved R-Tree data structure based on a quadtree spatial partitioning which improves the rendering speed of the usual R-trees when view culling is implemented in urban scenes. The BqR-Tree is defined by considering the city block as the basic and logical unit. The advantage of the block as opposed to the traditional unit, the building, is that it is easily identified regardless of the data source format, and allows inclusion of mobile and semantic elements in a natural way. The usefulness of the 3D scene graph has been tested with low structured data, which makes its application appropriate to almost all city data containing not only static but dynamic elements as well.