Video protection for MPEG-4 FGS with watermarking
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Low-Complexity Watermarking Based on Entropy Coding in H.264/AVC
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
Robust dual watermarking algorithm for AVS video
Image Communication
Blind Digital Watermarking of Low Bit-Rate Advanced H.264/AVC Compressed Video
IWDW '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking
Temporal feature modulation for video watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Issues and solution on distortion drift in reversible video data hiding
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Reference index-based H.264 video watermarking scheme
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP) - Special Issue on Multimedia Security
A drift compensation algorithm for H.264/AVC video robust watermarking scheme
IWDW'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Digital-Forensics and Watermarking
Data hiding on H.264/AVC compressed video
ICIAR'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition
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A novel MPEG-4 compressed domain video watermarking method is proposed and its performance is studied at video bit rates ranging from 128 to 768 kb/s. The spatial spread-spectrum watermark is embedded directly into compressed MPEG-4 bitstreams by modifying DCT coefficients. A synchronization template combats geometric attacks, such as cropping, scaling, and rotation. The method also features a gain control algorithm that adjusts the embedding strength of the watermark depending on local image characteristics, increasing watermark robustness or, equivalently, reducing the watermark's impact on visual quality. A drift compensator prevents the accumulation of watermark distortion and reduces watermark self-interference due to temporal prediction in inter-coded frames and AC/DC prediction in intra-coded frames. A bit-rate controller maintains the bit rate of the watermarked video within an acceptable limit. The watermark was evaluated and found to be robust against a variety of attacks, including transcoding, scaling, rotation, and noise reduction.