Silicon physical random functions
Proceedings of the 9th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Low Cost Attacks on Tamper Resistant Devices
Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Security Protocols
Tamper resistance: a cautionary note
WOEC'96 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Proceedings of the Second USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce - Volume 2
Physical unclonable functions for device authentication and secret key generation
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
FPGA Intrinsic PUFs and Their Use for IP Protection
CHES '07 Proceedings of the 9th international workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Lest we remember: cold boot attacks on encryption keys
SS'08 Proceedings of the 17th conference on Security symposium
Extended abstract: The butterfly PUF protecting IP on every FPGA
HST '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust
Analysis and Enhancement of Ring Oscillators Based Physical Unclonable Functions in FPGAs
RECONFIG '10 Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Reconfigurable Computing and FPGAs
RECONFIG '10 Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Reconfigurable Computing and FPGAs
Extracting secret keys from integrated circuits
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
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The paper analyzes and proposes some enhancements of Ring-Oscillators-based Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). PUFs are used to extract a unique signature of an integrated circuit in order to authenticate a device and/or to generate a key. We show that designers of RO PUFs implemented in FPGAs need a precise control of placement and routing and an appropriate selection of ROs pairs to get independent bits in the PUF response. We provide a method to identify which comparisons are suitable when selecting pairs of ROs. Dealing with power consumption, we propose a simple improvement that reduces the consumption of the PUF published by Suh et al. in 2007 by up to 96.6%. Last but not least, we point out that ring oscillators significantly influence one another and can even be locked. This questions the reliability of the PUF and should be taken into account during the design.