A realistic camera model for computer graphics
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An image-based model for realistic lens systems in interactive computer graphics
Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface '97
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Real-time lens blur effects and focus control
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Physically-based real-time lens flare rendering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Practical real-time lens-flare rendering
EGSR '13 Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering
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Simulation of light transport through lens systems plays an important role in graphics. While basic imaging properties can be conveniently derived from linear models (like ABCD matrices), these approximations fail to describe nonlinear effects and aberrations that arise in real optics. Such effects can be computed by proper ray tracing, for which, however, finding suitable sampling and filtering strategies is often not a trivial task. Inspired by aberration theory, which describes the deviation from the linear ray transfer in terms of wavefront distortions, we propose a ray-space formulation for nonlinear effects. In particular, we approximate the analytical solution to the ray tracing problem by means of a Taylor expansion in the ray parameters. This representation enables a construction-kit approach to complex optical systems in the spirit of matrix optics. It is also very simple to evaluate, which allows for efficient execution on CPU and GPU alike, including the computation of mixed derivatives of any order. We evaluate fidelity and performance of our polynomial model, and show applications in high-quality offline rendering and at interactive frame rates.