Constraint-Based Tutors: A Success Story
Proceedings of the 14th International conference on Industrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems: engineering of intelligent systems
Toward Automatic Hint Generation for Logic Proof Tutoring Using Historical Student Data
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Evaluating Spatial Representations and Skills in a Simulator-Based Tutoring System
IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies
Mechanisms for human spatial competence
SC'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Spatial Cognition V: reasoning, action, interaction
The cognitive tutor authoring tools (CTAT): preliminary evaluation of efficiency gains
ITS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
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Building an intelligent tutoring system requires to define an expertise model that can support appropriate tutoring services. This is usually done by adopting one of the following paradigms: building a cognitive model, specifying constraints, integrating an expert system and using data mining algorithms to learn domain knowledge. However, for some ill-defined domains, the use of a single paradigm could lead to a weak support of the user in terms of tutoring feedback. To address, this issue, we propose to use a multi-paradigm approach. We illustrate this idea in a tutoring system for robotic arm manipulation training. To support tutoring services in this ill-defined domain, we have developed a multi-paradigm model combining: (1) a data mining approach for automatically building a task model from user solutions, (2) a cognitive model to cover well-defined parts of the task and spatial reasoning, (3) and a 3D path-planner to cover all other aspects of the task. Experimental results indicate that the multi-paradigm approach allows providing assistance to learners that is much richer than what is offered with each single paradigm.