Task support in an office system
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Understanding computers and cognition
Understanding computers and cognition
COCS '88 Proceedings of the ACM SIGOIS and IEEECS TC-OA 1988 conference on Office information systems
Supporting the design of office procedures in the DOMINO system
Studies in computer supported cooperative work
A process model and system for supporting collaborative work
COCS '91 Proceedings of the conference on Organizational computing systems
Supporting dynamic interdependencies among collaborative activities
COCS '93 Proceedings of the conference on Organizational computing systems
Experiences with workflow management: issues for the next generation
CSCW '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Supporting distributed office problem solving in organizations
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) - Special issue: selected papers from the conference on office information systems
Office Information Systems and Computer Science
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Office procedure as practical action: models of work and system design
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
From Office Automation to Intelligent Workflow Systems
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
OfficeTalk-D: An experimental office information system
Proceedings of the SIGOA conference on Office information systems
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The idea for this workshop was born during the 1993 Conference onOrganizational Computing Systems (COOCS). Researchers anddevelopers from academia and industry who attended the conferencewere sharing their observations and concerns on the absence of aconnection between earlier work presented at COOCS and the currentpresentations of workflow systems.Historically, COOCS has focused on office automation and officeinformation systems (OIS). During the 1980s numerous OIS werepresented at COOCS (e.g., [4, 6, 7, 19]). These systems acknowledgeover time that the office is a distributed place composed ofautonomous units and that activities, tasks, or procedures must besupported in conjunction with the accompanying office objects, suchas documents in paper or electronic format.Workflow systems started appearing in the 1990s. These systemswere commercially introduced as a new product category. Commercialworkflow systems take advantage of the growing base of installedpersonal computers or workstations, Local Area Networks, andappealing graphical user interfaces. Many participants at COOCS'93had a sense that workflow and OIS were dealing with similar issuesusing different labels. Both types of systems were concerned withthe support of dynamic aspects of knowledge work in organizations.Both types of systems have to address issues such as• the representation of activities• the definition of roles• the capture of time and deadlines• the integration of single user tools• the coordination of work results• the structure of the organizationThis list is probably not complete. Yet the shared issuesbetween workflow systems and office information systems aresignificant.To better understand the similarities and differences betweenworkflow and OIS, to share results and experiences in developingthese systems, and to foster potential collaboration between thetwo communities, Carson Woo and Dirk Mahling proposed this workshopat the 1994 Computer Supported Cooperative Work conference inChapel Hill, North Carolina. Researchers and developers wereinvited to submit position papers concerning their view of therelation between workflow and OIS. More than twenty statements wereselected. The workshop was conducted on October 22nd, 1994.The workshop consisted of a few presentations followed bybreakout discussions. The presentations were targeted to bring outimportant issues related to the workshop, and to facilitate thefocus of discussions during the breakout. The workshop begins bylooking into the current organizational needs and their implicationto automation (Section 2). This is to remind ourselves on why weare developing workflow and OIS systems. The problems with existingworkflow systems (Section 3) and how OIS influences the developmentof workflow systems (Section 4) were then discussed. Next, someenabling technologies for workflow and OIS were explored (Section5). Participants were then broken up into four groups to discussvarious issues including:• A metrics to evaluate workflow technology (Section6.1).• Differences between workflow and OIS (Section6.2).• Issues related to the deployment of workflow inorganizations (Section 6.3).• Should workflow be considered part of CSCW (Section6.4).This report summarizes the above presentations anddiscussions.