International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Interactive graphical communication
Mobile educational features in authoring tools for personalised tutoring
Computers & Education
Mobile learning: A framework and evaluation
Computers & Education
Learning object design considerations for small-screen handheld devices
Computers & Education
Activity theory for designing mobile learning
International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation
Educational affordances of PDAs: A study of a teacher's exploration of this technology
Computers & Education
Learning with Animation: Research Implications for Design
Learning with Animation: Research Implications for Design
Anatomy of a mobilized lesson: Learning my way
Computers & Education
E-books or textbooks: Students prefer textbooks
Computers & Education
Involving the End-Users in the Development of Language Learning Material
International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning
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The major goal of this study was to empirically compare text-plus-mobile phone learning using an integrated 2D barcode tag in a printed text with three other conditions described in multimedia learning theory. The method examined in the study involved modifications of the instructional material such that: a 2D barcode was used near the text, the learner scanned the tag with the camera on his/her mobile phone and reached the animation and narration on the mobile phone's screen. Using this method, we created a new approach that reinforces printed textbooks, which had the poorest retention and transfer results. The results suggest that supporting a printed textbook with camera-equipped mobile devices and 2D barcodes linked to supplemental information, may increase the effectiveness of learning.