Unintended effects: varying icon spacing changes users' visual search strategy
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Mobile text entry: relationship between walking speed and text input task difficulty
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices & services
Reading on-the-go: a comparison of audio and hand-held displays
Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
How do people tap when walking? An empirical investigation of nomadic data entry
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Human Computer Interaction: Legibility and Contrast
ICIAP '07 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing
The adaptation of visual search strategy to expected information gain
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Eye-gaze interaction for mobile phones
Mobility '07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile technology, applications, and systems and the 1st international symposium on Computer human interaction in mobile technology
Getting off the treadmill: evaluating walking user interfaces for mobile devices in public spaces
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Touch key design for target selection on a mobile phone
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
MobiGaze: development of a gaze interface for handheld mobile devices
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Investigating selection and reading performance on a mobile phone while walking
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
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As smartphone usage increases, safety concerns have arisen. Previous research suggested cognitive impairments while using mobile devices in walking conditions. Mobile user interfaces that are designed in ways not to require users' full attention may mitigate the safety concerns. Primary focus of this research was on the perception process during visual search rather than the physical target selection by finger tapping, which most previous research focused on. The effects of object size, contrast, and target location on mobile devices while walking and standing were examined. A serial visual search using "T" and "L" shapes on a mobile device was conducted, which controlled for the physical target selection involvement. The results showed that walking, bigger object size, and the target position in the outer area of the mobile device display slowed the visual search reaction time. This suggests mobile interface improvement possibilities by proper object sizing and placement.