Parallel discrete event simulation
WSC '89 Proceedings of the 21st conference on Winter simulation
Dynamic Internet overlay deployment and management using the X-bone
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Computing in Science and Engineering
Advances in Network Simulation
Computer
Scalability and accuracy in a large-scale network emulator
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review - OSDI '02: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Simulation of large scale networks I: simulation of large-scale networks using SSF
Proceedings of the 35th conference on Winter simulation: driving innovation
RINSE: The Real-Time Immersive Network Simulation Environment for Network Security Exercises
Proceedings of the 19th Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation
In VINI veritas: realistic and controlled network experimentation
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
DieCast: testing distributed systems with an accurate scale model
NSDI'08 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
A Virtual Time System for OpenVZ-Based Network Emulations
PADS '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation
VIOLIN: virtual internetworking on overlay infrastructure
ISPA'04 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications
S3F: the Scalable Simulation Framework revisited
Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference
Validation of application behavior on a virtual time integrated network emulation testbed
Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference
Parallel simulation of software defined networks
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSIM conference on Principles of advanced discrete simulation
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A high fidelity testbed for large-scale system analysis requires emulation to represent the execution of critical software, and simulation to model an extensive ensemble of background computation and communication. We leverage prior work showing that large numbers of virtual environments may be emulated on a single host, and that the time stamped interactions between them can be mapped to virtual time, and we leverage existing work on simulation of large-scale communication networks. The present paper brings these concepts together, marrying the scale emulation framework OpenVZ (modified earlier to operate in virtual time) with a scalable network simulator S3F. Our algorithmic contributions lay in the design and management of virtual time as it transitions from emulation, to simulation, and back. In particular, inescapable uncertainties in emulation behavior force us to explicitly set and reset timestamps so as to avoid either emulator or simulator having to deal with a packet arriving in its logical past. We provide analytic bounds and empirical evidence that the error introduced in resetting timestamps is small. Finally, we present a case-study using this capability, of a cyber-attack with the smart power grid communication infrastructure.