Internet Web servers: workload characterization and performance implications
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Analysis of Personal Computer Workloads
MASCOTS '99 Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems
CFLRU: a replacement algorithm for flash memory
CASES '06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
Disk drive level workload characterization
ATEC '06 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX '06 Annual Technical Conference
A comparison of file system workloads
ATEC '00 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Proceedings of the eleventh international joint conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Advances in flash memory SSD technology for enterprise database applications
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data
FAST: quick application launch on solid-state drives
FAST'11 Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on File and stroage technologies
A file is not a file: understanding the I/O behavior of Apple desktop applications
SOSP '11 Proceedings of the Twenty-Third ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
When poll is better than interrupt
FAST'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
Revisiting storage for smartphones
FAST'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
FAB: flash-aware buffer management policy for portable media players
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
X-FTL: transactional FTL for SQLite databases
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data
I/O stack optimization for smartphones
USENIX ATC'13 Proceedings of the 2013 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
Resolving journaling of journal anomaly in android I/O: multi-version B-tree with lazy split
FAST'14 Proceedings of the 12th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
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In this paper, we offer an in-depth IO characterization of the Android-based smartphone. We analyze the IO behaviors of a total of 14 Android applications from six different categories. We examine the correlations among seven IO attributes: originating application, file type, IO size, IO type (read/write), random/sequential, block semantics (Data/Metadata/Journal), and session type (buffered vs. synchronous IO). For the purposes of our study, we develop Mobile Storage Analyzer (MOST), a framework for collecting IO attributes across layers. Let us summarize our findings briefly. SQLite, which is the most popular tool for maintaining persistent data in Android, puts too much burden on the storage. For example, a single SQLite operation (update or insert) results in at least 11 write operations being sent to the storage. These are for creating short-lived files, updating database tables, and accessing EXT4 Journal. From the storage point of view, more than 50% of writes are for EXT4 Journal updating. Excluding Metadata and Journal accesses, 60-80% of the writes are random. More than 50% of the writes are synchronous. 4KB IO accounts for 70% of all writes. In the Android platform, each SQLite and EXT4 filesystem requires a great amount of effort to ensure reliability in supporting transactions and journaling, respectively. When they are combined, the results are rather dumb. The operations of SQLite and EXT4, when combined, generate unnecessarily excessive write operations to the NAND-based storage. This not only degrades IO performance but also significantly reduces the lifetime of the underlying NAND flash storage. The results of this study clearly suggest that SQLite, EXT4, and the underlying NAND-based storage need to be completely overhauled and vertically integrated so as to properly and effectively incorporate their respective characteristics.