A Computational Approach to Edge Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Fast Hough transform: A hierarchical approach
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
A new curve detection method: randomized Hough transform (RHT)
Pattern Recognition Letters
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Finding circles by an array of accumulators
Communications of the ACM
Use of the Hough transformation to detect lines and curves in pictures
Communications of the ACM
An efficient randomized algorithm for detecting circles
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Digital Picture Processing
Robust analysis of feature spaces: color image segmentation
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
Marker Tracking and HMD Calibration for a Video-Based Augmented Reality Conferencing System
IWAR '99 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality
Fitting of 3D Circles and Ellipses Using a Parameter Decomposition Approach
3DIM '05 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling
ARTag, a Fiducial Marker System Using Digital Techniques
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Improved Topological Fiducial Tracking in the reacTIVision System
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Natural interaction with virtual objects using vision-based six DOF sphere tracking
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Tangible user interface for chemistry education: comparative evaluation and re-design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Spinnstube®: a seated augmented reality display system
EGVE'07 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
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In this paper, we introduce a light-weight and robust tracking technique based on color balls. The algorithm builds on a variant of randomized Hough transform and is optimized for a use in real-time applications like on low-cost Augmented Reality (AR) systems. With just one conventional color camera our approach provides the ability to determine the 3D position of several color balls at interactive frame rates on a common PC workstation. It is fast enough to be easily combined with another real-time tracking engine. In contrast to popular tracking techniques based on recognition of planar fiducial markers it offers robustness to partial occlusion, which eases handling and manipulation. Furthermore, while using balls as markers a proper haptic feedback and visual metaphor is provided. The exemplary use of our technique in the context of two AR applications indicates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.