Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Providing expressive gaze to virtual animated characters in interactive applications
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - SPECIAL ISSUE: Media Arts
Communicating Eye Gaze across a Distance without Rooting Participants to the Spot
DS-RT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 12th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications
Real-Time Tracking of Visually Attended Objects in Virtual Environments and Its Application to LOD
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Natural Eye Motion Synthesis by Modeling Gaze-Head Coupling
VR '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference
Simulating gaze attention behaviors for crowds
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - CASA' 2009 Special Issue
A saliency-based method of simulating visual attention in virtual scenes
Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
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Models for animating the eyes of virtual characters often focus on making the face appear natural and believable. There has been relatively little work in computer graphics that investigates the relevance of the objects of interest (gaze targets). In this paper, a gaze animation model has been constructed that allocates visual attention to relevant targets from objects that are within the virtual character's field of view in an immersive 3D virtual environment. Relevance is determined by proximity, eccentricity, changes in orientation and velocity of objects in the virtual character's environment. In this paper, two tasks were designed to test the relevance of the objects selected by the gaze animation model during the tasks. Eye tracking data obtained from six human subjects provided benchmark data for measuring the efficiency of the model in picking relevant objects. The gaze animation model largely outperformed a random selection algorithm in predicting the real targets/objects of users' interests within the virtual environment.