Globally Distributed Content Delivery
IEEE Internet Computing
Virtual Battery: An Energy Reserve Abstraction for Embedded Sensor Networks
RTSS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Real-Time Systems Symposium
Peak Shaving through Resource Buffering
Approximation and Online Algorithms
PowerNap: eliminating server idle power
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Cutting the electric bill for internet-scale systems
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on Data communication
The Akamai network: a platform for high-performance internet applications
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Optimal power cost management using stored energy in data centers
Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Benefits and limitations of tapping into stored energy for datacenters
Proceedings of the 38th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Towards realizing a low cost and highly available datacenter power infrastructure
HotPower '11 Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Power-Aware Computing and Systems
Algorithms for optimizing the bandwidth cost of content delivery
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Leveraging stored energy for handling power emergencies in aggressively provisioned datacenters
ASPLOS XVII Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
Energy storage in datacenters: what, where, and how much?
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGMETRICS/PERFORMANCE joint international conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems
Dynamic provisioning in next-generation data centers with on-site power production
Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Future energy systems
Hi-index | 0.00 |
Modern Internet-scale distributed networks have hundreds of thousands of servers deployed in hundreds of locations and networks around the world. Canonical examples of such networks are content delivery networks (called CDNs) that we study in this paper. The operating expenses of large distributed networks are increasingly driven by the cost of supplying power to their servers. Typically, CDNs procure power through long-term contracts from co-location providers and pay on the basis of the power (KWs) provisioned for them, rather than on the basis of the energy (KWHs) actually consumed. We propose the use of batteries to reduce both the required power supply and the incurred power cost of a CDN. We provide a theoretical model and an algorithmic framework for provisioning batteries to minimize the total power supply and the total power costs of a CDN. We evaluate our battery provisioning algorithms using extensive load traces derived from Akamai's CDN to empirically study the achievable benefits. We show that batteries can provide up to 14% power savings, that would increase to 22% for more power-proportional next-generation servers, and would increase even more to 35.3% for perfectly power-proportional servers. Likewise, the cost savings, inclusive of the additional battery costs, range from 13.26% to 33.8% as servers become more power-proportional. Further, much of these savings can be achieved with a small cycle rate of one full discharge/charge cycle every three days that is conducive to satisfactory battery lifetimes. In summary, we show that a CDN can utilize batteries to significantly reduce both the total supplied power and the total power costs, thereby establishing batteries as a key element in future distributed network architecture. While we use the canonical example of a CDN, our results also apply to other similar Internet-scale distributed networks.