Coupled analysis of electromigration reliability and performance in ULSI signal nets
Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
On-chip bus thermal analysis and optimization
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe: Proceedings
High-level power modeling, estimation, and optimization
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Modeling and analysis of nonuniform substrate temperature effects on global ULSI interconnects
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
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Thermal Spreading has shown to be a successful approach to bus temperature minimization. The idea at the basis of this technique is that of periodically permuting the routing of input bitstreams to the various bus lines, with the objective of temporally and spatially distributing the number of transitions over the entire bit-width, thus avoiding high switching activities to occur always on a few lines, which obviously causes an unnatural increase in temperature. In this paper, we propose new encoding schemes which improve the capabilities of the Thermal Spreading approach of balancing the switching activities over the bus wires. The solutions we introduce are adaptive and dynamic in nature, as they select what bitstream goes to what bus line based on the actual bus traffic, thanks to some on-line monitoring capabilities which is offered by some ad-hoc hardware unit which runs in parallel at the transmitting and receiving ends of the bus. The experimental results show that, on average, the proposed encoding schemes improve the transition balancing capabilities of the Thermal Spreading technique by a significant amount.