Multi Stage Underwater Sensor Localization Using Mobile Beacons
SENSORCOMM '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Second International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications
OceanSense: A practical wireless sensor network on the surface of the sea
PERCOM '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
DBR: depth-based routing for underwater sensor networks
NETWORKING'08 Proceedings of the 7th international IFIP-TC6 networking conference on AdHoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet
Pressure routing for underwater sensor networks
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
Distributed routing algorithms for underwater acoustic sensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Data-aggregation techniques in sensor networks: a survey
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
The challenges of building mobile underwater wireless networks for aquatic applications
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
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Recent events such as the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill have highlighted the need for ocean monitoring along a specific depth horizon. A mobile underwater acoustic sensor network drifting with the pollution pattern and reporting to radio-equipped surface buoys can provide wide coverage, real-time sensing and can be deployed efficiently. This paper investigates the feasibility of such a network application by evaluating the performance of two recent pressure routing protocols: Depth Based Routing and HydroCast for delivering sensed data from a depth-restricted layer of nodes. Previous work on these protocols has only focused on low-traffic scenarios with infrequent broadcasts made by nodes throughout the network, or with only one source node. A key contribution of this paper is an investigation of the effect that current drift has on networking. The performance of the routing protocols over time is measured, under a modified 3D Meandering Current Mobility model that takes into account lower current speeds with increased depth. Results show that even in a slow-moving coastal current, packet delivery in an initially dense network becomes unviable within 3 hours of drift. This work suggests controlled mobility management be investigated in future to extend network lifetime.